Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 81 - 118
Published: April 1, 2025
Abstract
This
chapter
develops
the
second
part
of
my
philosophical
framework
for
analyzing
particularist
explanations.
The
basic
idea
is
that
constructing
a
scientific
explanation
collaborative
activity.
I
use
resources
from
social
action
theory
to
explicate
this
idea.
first
presents
basics
philosophy
with
detailed
example
(Section
3.1)
and
survey
major
theories
3.2).
Building
on
latter,
propose
an
original
account
activity,
which
implies
norms
participants’
attitudes
3.3).
Applied
case
explanatory
model-construction
in
epistemic
community,
yields
general
EP-explanation.
Section
3.4
examines
normative
grounds
account,
setting
stage
Part
II.
final
section
integrates
activity
Chapter
2,
yielding
full
particularism
3.5).
Immunity,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
57(4), P. 613 - 631
Published: April 1, 2024
SummaryWhile
largely
neglected
over
decades
during
which
adaptive
immunity
captured
most
of
the
attention,
innate
immune
mechanisms
have
now
become
central
to
our
understanding
immunology.
Innate
provides
first
barrier
infection
in
vertebrates,
and
it
is
sole
mechanism
host
defense
invertebrates
plants.
also
plays
a
critical
role
maintaining
homeostasis,
shaping
microbiota,
disease
contexts
such
as
cancer,
neurodegeneration,
metabolic
syndromes,
aging.
The
emergence
field
has
led
an
expanded
view
system,
no
longer
restricted
vertebrates
instead
concerns
all
metazoans,
plants,
even
prokaryotes.
study
given
rise
new
concepts
language.
Here,
we
review
history
definition
core
immunity,
discussing
their
value
fruitfulness
long
run.
Immunology
is
central
to
contemporary
biology
and
medicine,
but
it
also
provides
novel
philosophical
insights.
Its
most
significant
contribution
philosophy
concerns
the
understanding
of
biological
individuality:
what
a
individual
is,
makes
unique,
how
its
boundaries
are
established
ensures
identity
through
time.
offers
answers
some
interesting
questions.
What
definition
life?
How
bodily
systems
delineated?
do
mind
body
interact?
In
this
Element,
Thomas
Pradeu
considers
ways
in
which
immunology
can
shed
light
on
these
other
important
issues.
This
title
available
as
Open
Access
Cambridge
Core.
This
Element
presents
a
philosophical
exploration
of
the
concept
'model
organism'
in
contemporary
biology.
Thinking
about
model
organisms
enables
us
to
examine
how
living
have
been
brought
into
laboratory
and
used
gain
better
understanding
biology,
explore
research
practices,
commitments,
norms
underlying
this
understanding.
We
contend
that
are
key
components
distinctive
way
doing
research.
focus
on
what
makes
an
important
type
model,
use
these
models
has
shaped
biological
knowledge,
including
represent,
they
as
tools
for
intervention,
representational
commitments
linked
their
affect
practices
associated
with
them.
This
Element
is
an
introduction
to
the
metaphysics
of
biology,
a
very
general
account
nature
living
world.
The
first
part
addresses
more
traditionally
philosophical
questions
-
whether
biological
systems
are
reducible
properties
their
physical
parts,
causation
and
laws
nature,
substantialist
processualist
accounts
life,
kinds.
second
half
will
offer
understanding
important
entities,
drawing
on
earlier
discussions.
division
should
not
be
taken
too
seriously,
however:
topics
in
both
parts
deeply
interconnected.
Although
this
does
claim
scientific
work,
it
aim
firmly
grounded
our
best
knowledge;
exercise
naturalistic
metaphysics.
Its
most
distinctive
feature
that
argues
throughout
for
view
as
processes
rather
than
things
or,
technical
sense,
substances.
F1000Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 635 - 635
Published: June 22, 2020
In
this
review,
we
propose
a
recension
of
biological
observations
on
plasticity
in
cancer
cell
populations
and
discuss
theoretical
considerations
about
their
mechanisms.
Comparative
psychology,
the
multidisciplinary
study
of
animal
behavior
and
confronts
challenge
how
to
animals
we
find
cute
easy
anthropomorphize,
odd
objectify,
without
letting
these
biases
negatively
impact
science.
In
this
Element,
Kristin
Andrews
identifies
critically
examines
principles
comparative
psychology
shows
they
can
introduce
other
by
objectifying
subjects
encouraging
scientists
remain
detached.
outlines
scientific
benefits
treating
as
sentient
research
participants
who
come
from
their
own
social
contexts
with
whom
will
be
in
relationship.
With
discussions
science's
quest
for
objectivity,
worries
about
romantic
killjoy
theories,
debates
chimpanzee
cognition
between
primatologists
work
field
those
lab,
address
different
through
greater
integration
subdisciplines
psychology.
Current
knowledge
of
the
genetic,
epigenetic,
behavioural
and
symbolic
systems
inheritance
requires
a
revision
extension
mid-twentieth-century,
gene-based,
'Modern
Synthesis'
version
Darwinian
evolutionary
theory.
We
present
case
for
this
by
first
outlining
history
that
led
to
neo-Darwinian
view
evolution.
In
second
section
we
describe
compare
different
types
inheritance,
in
third
discuss
implications
broad
heredity
various
aspects
end
with
an
examination
philosophical
conceptual
ramifications
thinking
incorporates
multiple
systems.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
95(5), P. 1308 - 1324
Published: May 13, 2020
ABSTRACT
Given
one
conception
of
biological
individuality
(evolutionary,
physiological,
etc.),
can
a
holobiont
–
that
is
the
host
+
its
symbiotic
(mutualistic,
commensalist
and
parasitic)
microbiome
be
simultaneously
individual
an
ecological
community?
Herein,
we
support
this
possibility
by
arguing
notion
part‐dependent.
In
our
account,
ensemble
should
not
only
determined
in
use,
but
also
characteristics
part
under
investigation.
specific
case
holobionts,
evaluations
their
made
either
host‐relative
or
microbe‐relative.
We
claim
part‐dependent
drawing
upon
recent
empirical
evidence
regarding
physiology
hosts
microbes,
characterization
‘demibiont’.
Our
account
shows
contemporary
disagreements
about
derive
from
incorrect
understanding
ontology
individuality.
show
collaboration
between
philosophers
biologists
very
fruitful
attempts
to
solve
some
debates.
Biology & Philosophy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
38(1)
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
In
this
paper
we
address
the
issue
of
how
to
think
about
immunity.
Many
immunological
writings
suggest
a
straightforward
option:
view
that
immune
system
is
primarily
defense,
which
naturally
invites
talk
