The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

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The neural pathway from the superior subpart of the medial habenula to the interpeduncular nucleus suppresses anxiety

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

The medial habenula (MHb) and its projection target, the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), are highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. MHb-IPN pathway connects limbic system to brainstem, consisting of subpathways that project in a topographically organized manner, has been implicated regulation fear anxiety. Previous studies have revealed subregion-specific functions cholinergic ventral MHb substance P (SP)-positive (SP+) subpart dorsal (dMHb). In contrast, dMHb also contains another subpart, SP-negative known as 'superior part (MHbS)'. Although MHbS characterized from various aspects, e.g. distinct c-Fos responses stressful events electrophysiological properties compared other subregions, many physiological remain be investigated. Here we found dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3)-Cre mice enable labeling IPN subregion receives projection. Cre-expressing somata within lateral subnucleus (LIPN) were concentrated most area, which refer 'lateral LIPN (lLIPN)'. This region is by absence SP+ axons, contrast (mLIPN) innervated axons MHb. Chemogenetic activation genetically induced synaptic silencing DRD3-Cre+ cells reduced enhanced anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Moreover, expression was increased lLIPN under an anxiogenic environment. These findings suggest MHbS-lLIPN activated environments counteract

Language: Английский

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Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers of Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia

Life, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1972 - 1972

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Immune activation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, as confirmed by many studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The important neuroinflammation formation relation between impaired neurobiological processes schizophrenia psychopathology is being actively discussed. We quantified serum concentrations 22 cytokines 236 patients with 103 mentally somatically healthy individuals multiplex assay. found higher TGF-α (p = 0.014), IFN-γ 0.036), IL-5 < 0.001), IL-6 0.047), IL-8 0.005), IL-10 <0.001), IL-15 0.007), IL-1RA TNF-α 0.001) levels than individuals. Subgroup analysis revealed much greater number statistically significant differences cytokine among females males. Patients continuous course showed significantly IL-12p70 0.019), IL-1α 0.046), IL-1β 0.035) compared an episodic course. Most were positively correlated positive, general, total PANSS scores. In duration 10 years or more, level was that disease 5 less 0.042). Thus, imbalance depending on sex clinical characteristics disease.

Language: Английский

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Putative role of immune reactions in the mechanism of tardive dyskinesia

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33, P. 100687 - 100687

Published: Sept. 23, 2023

The term extrapyramidal disorders is most often used for conditions such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease, but also refers to a group of side effects antipsychotics (EPS), tardive dyskinesia (TD). After brief description some clinical features TD, this article summarizes the relatively scarce results research on possible link between mainly cytokine levels and TD. This data was found by systematically searching Pubmed Embase. limitations these types studies are major obstacle interpretation. describing relevant aspects neuroinflammatory response neuroanatomical backgrounds EPS, new hypothesis origin TD presented with emphasis dysfunctions in striosomal compartment striatum dorsal diencephalic connection system (DDCS). It postulated that (partly immunologically-induced) increase oxidative stress dopamine-dependent immune classic proceed primarily via DDCS, which itself activated from evolutionarily older parts forebrain. Neuroinflammatory responses choroid plexus third ventricle may contribute due its proximity habenula. concluded direct evidence role inflammatory processes mechanism still lacking because too much niche, there indications warrant further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Healthy happiness: The effect of happiness in promoting brain health

Progress in brain research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Hypericin Ameliorates Depression-like Behaviors via Neurotrophin Signaling Pathway Mediating m6A Epitranscriptome Modification

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3859 - 3859

Published: May 3, 2023

Hypericin, one of the major antidepressant constituents St. John's wort, was shown to exert effects by affecting cerebral CYP enzymes, serotonin homeostasis, and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways. However, its exact mechanisms are unknown. Previous clinical studies reported that mRNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) interferes with neurobiological mechanism in depressed patients, it also found efficacy tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is related m6A modifications. Therefore, we hypothesize effect hypericin may relate epitranscriptomic regulation. We constructed a UCMS mouse depression model ameliorated depressive-like behavior mice. Molecular pharmacology experiments showed treatment upregulated expression m6A-modifying enzymes METTL3 WTAP hippocampi Next, performed MeRIP-seq RNA-seq study modifications changes on genome-wide scale. The assay MeRIP-qPCR results revealed Akt3, Ntrk2, Braf, Kidins220 were significantly altered mice after stress stimulation reversed treatment. Transcriptome assays qPCR Camk4 Arhgdig genes might be hypericin. Further gene enrichment differential mainly involved neurotrophic factor In conclusion, our show upregulates methyltransferase stabilizes via neurotrophin pathway. This suggests WTAP-mediated potential for pathogenesis antidepressants, pathway plays key role this process.

Language: Английский

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Anxiety and personality

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 371 - 430

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract ‘Anxiety and personality’ links the anxiolytic-derived state neuropsychology of previous chapters to personality traits. Traits are seen as sensitivities structures, goal control systems, more global modulators systems. It lays ground work for seeing psychiatric disorders resulting from one or extreme sensitivities. While main focus is anxiety, it also discusses implications Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) with additional comment on Big 5. reviews issues arising word meanings, evolution, need biomarkers, hierarchical organization, continuity versus discontinuity provides recommendation application work, throughout. distinguishes neuroticism trait a new dopaminergic neurology reinforcement sensitivity, strongly reinforcers, first anxiety disorder biomarker, identifies problems existing RST scales, future neural solutions.

Language: Английский

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Cell Adhesion Molecules in Schizophrenia Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 376 - 376

Published: March 2, 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common comorbidity of schizophrenia and significantly shortens life expectancy the patients. Intercellular (ICAM), vascular (VCAM), neural (NCAM) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate neuroinflammatory processes, their soluble forms (e.g., sICAM) in plasma are present parallel with cell-bound forms. In this study, serum levels were examined 211 white Siberian patients paranoid (82 129 without MetS according to 2005 International Diabetes Federation criteria). Serum CAMs determined Magpix Luminex 200 (Luminex, Austin, TX, USA) using xMAP Technology. The level sICAM-1 was higher that sVCAM-1 lower compared MetS. Levels NCAM did not differ between groups. More pronounced Spearman's correlations CAMs, age, duration schizophrenia, body-mass index observed among than Our results consistent MetS's being associated endothelial dysfunction along other components inflammation. Through these peripheral inflammatory might induce intracerebral changes, but further investigation needed confirm this.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Hormones in Schizophrenia Patients with Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1655 - 1655

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common complication of schizophrenia that quite exacerbated by long-term use (atypical) antipsychotics. The mechanism MetS has neuronal, neuroendocrine, and neuroimmunological components shows some overlap with those aspects schizophrenia. We examined 195 patients (90 105 without MetS) for the association serum levels ghrelin, insulin, leptin metabolic abnormalities. Serum glucose lipid profiles were routinely measured colorimetric enzymatic methods hormone multiplex analyzers. Leptin highly significantly increased (p < 0.001) in people (9.966 [5.882; 21.496] vs. 6.35 [2.005; 11.753], Me [Q1; Q3]) ghrelin actually decreased = 0.045). Insulin did not differ between 0.162). In Spearman’s correlation analysis levels, body characteristics, biochemical parameters, significant correlations seen somewhat more often than also less other hormones. conclude evidence exists role development especially leptin, but supporting ghrelin.

Language: Английский

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Гуморальные факторы анаболического и катаболического баланса у женщин с депрессивными расстройствами

Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(122)

Published: March 31, 2024

Relevance of the study depressive disorders and depression-like conditions is determined by high prevalence these in all age groups increasing impact on level social functioning quality life society.The findings biological studies affective pathology are very ambiguous relate to research various aspects homeostatic systems.Changes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system sympathoadrenal that accompany due physiological systems as mediators body's response stressors.Objective: content cortisol dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) blood serum women with disorders.Material Methods.The sample (n=61) was formed from aged 18-60 years who were treated at Affective Borderline States Departments clinic Mental Health Research Institute Tomsk National Medical Center.In accordance ICD-10 criteria, following diagnosed: current episode within a single (F32) recurrent disorder (F33) found 24 patients; adjustment predominance reactions (F43.2) revealed 37 patients.The control group consisted mentally somatically healthy (n=29), matched sex patients being examined, did not have chronic diseases under medical observation, had no signs acute infectious time examination.Patients divided depending factor: young (under 39 old) mature (over 40 ages.Laboratory testing included determination concentration using enzyme immunoassay.Statistical data processing carried out SPSS 26.0 software package for Windows.Results.The associated statistically significant (p=0.012)decrease DHEAS reactions.In addition, years, significantly increased comparison (p=0.015) (p=0.039).Pairwise comparisons above demonstrated (p=0.005)increased adulthood compared women.Conclusion.Thus, humoral factors disturbances anabolic catabolic processes, changes system, which likely this mediator stressors.

Language: Английский

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