Synthetic Antioxidants as Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Indoor Environments: Knowns and Unknowns

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(51), P. 21550 - 21557

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Synthetic antioxidants, including synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), amine (AAs), and organophosphite (OPAs), are essential additives for preventing oxidative aging in various industrial consumer products. Increasing attention has been paid to the environmental contamination caused by these chemicals, but our understanding of is generally limited compared other emerging contaminants such as plasticizers flame retardants. Many people spend a significant portion (normally greater than 80%) their time indoors, meaning that they experience widespread persistent exposure indoor contaminants. Thus, this Perspective focuses on problem The wide application commercial products demonstrated toxicity make them an important family concern. However, knowledge gaps still need be bridged: novel related transformation identified environments, different dust sampling strategies should employed evaluate human contaminants, geographic scope research broadened, partition coefficients among media investigated.

Language: Английский

---

Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 259 - 265

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their environmental ubiquity. However, lactational exposure these emerging contaminants of current concern remains unknown. In this study, 21 amine antioxidants, 18 macromolecular hindered phenol 3 organophosphite and 2 p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) were integrated into a dedicated screening human milk from South China. Among all 42 target AOs, 19 detected, but no PPD-Qs detected any the samples. Eight including N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), frequently more than half The summed concentrations detectable AOs ranged 133 7,560 pg/mL, with median 713 pg/mL. Significant correlations observed among antioxidants. preliminary risk assessment revealed that under high scenario, overall daily intake identified through breastfeeding might pose non-negligible health newborns. This study is first attempt comprehensively identify wide range prevalent milk. findings call for urgent infant widely used less well evaluated chemicals possible increased accumulative future.

Language: Английский

---

The hidden diet: Synthetic antioxidants in packaged food and their impact on human exposure and health

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 108613 - 108613

Published: March 28, 2024

Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) are commonly used in everyday items and industrial products to inhibit oxidative deterioration. However, the presence of AOs food packaging packaged foods has not been thoroughly documented. Moreover, studies on human exposure through skin contact with or ingesting limited. In this study, we analyzed twenty-three AOs—including synthetic phenolic (SPAs) organophosphite (OPAs)—along six transformation various samples their materials. We found at concentrations ranging from 1.30 × 103 1.77 105 ng/g, which exceeded levels both outer (6.05 102–3.07 104 ng/g) inner (2.27 102–1.09 ng/g). The most common detected foodstuffs were tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168O), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (AO1076), together constituting 95.7 % total found. Our preliminary assessment revealed that dietary exposure—estimated a median 2.55 ng/kg body weight/day for children 1.24 adults—is more significant route than dermal packaging. Notably, four identified first time, BHT making up 76.8 67.6 intake adults, respectively. These findings suggest consumption is source exposure. estimated daily intakes via compared recommended acceptable assess risks. This systematic investigation into contributes understanding potential health risks associated foods. It emphasizes need further evaluation these substances.

Language: Английский

---

E-Waste Recycling Emits Large Quantities of Emerging Aromatic Amines and Organophosphites: A Poorly Recognized Source for Another Two Classes of Synthetic Antioxidants

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 625 - 631

Published: June 30, 2022

Our previous work demonstrated that massive emissions of hindered phenol antioxidants and sulfur-containing from e-waste recycling; however, it remains unclear whether recycling also results in the emission substantial quantities amine (AAs) organophosphite (OPAs), another two major classes under-researched antioxidants. In this study, we continued to screen previously studied dusts for a broad range 21 AAs, p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones, 15 OPAs. All AAs 12 out OPAs were detected samples, with total concentrations ranging 511 10,600 ng/g 155 33,200 Among chemicals, nine identified first time environment. More importantly, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone), causal toxicant acute mortality coho salmon, was pervasively greater environmental abundance (median: 375 ng/g) than its parent chemical 6PPD 113 ng/g), demonstrating as source ubiquitous 6PPD-quinone addition tire rubber. Waste wires, cables, electronic plastics main sources e-waste-derived highlights large group antioxidant including their transformation products, emerging pollutants require more attention.

Language: Английский

---

A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 4499 - 4499

Published: March 3, 2023

Currently, water pollution represents a serious environmental threat, causing an impact not only to fauna and flora but also human health. Among these pollutants, inorganic organic pollutants are predominantly important representing high toxicity persistence being difficult treat using current methodologies. For this reason, several research groups searching for strategies detect remedy contaminated bodies effluents. Due the above, review of state situation has been carried out. The results obtained show that in American continent diversity contaminants is present affecting aspects, which some cases, there exists alternatives realize remediation water. It concluded actual challenge establish sanitation measures at local level based on specific needs geographical area interest. Therefore, treatment plants must be designed according region tailored population

Language: Английский

---

Occurrence, Fate, Human Exposure, and Toxicity of Commercial Photoinitiators

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(32), P. 11704 - 11717

Published: July 29, 2023

Photoinitiators (PIs) are a family of anthropogenic chemicals used in polymerization systems that generate active substances to initiate reactions under certain radiations. Although is considered green method, its wide application various commercial products, such as UV-curable inks, paints, and varnishes, has led ubiquitous environmental issues caused by PIs. In this study, we present an overview the current knowledge on occurrence, human exposure, toxicity PIs provide suggestions for future research based numerous available studies. The residual concentrations food packaging materials, at microgram per gram levels. migration from materials foodstuffs been confirmed more than 100 reports contamination Furthermore, 20 have detected water, sediment, sewage sludge, indoor dust collected Asia, United States, Europe. Human internal exposure was also detection serum. addition, were breast milk, indicating breastfeeding pathway infants. Among most studies, benzophenone dominant congener environment humans. Toxicity studies reveal multiple toxic end points, carcinogenicity endocrine-disrupting effects. Future investigations should focus synergistic/antagonistic effects coexposure metabolism/transformation pathways newly identified aim develop "greener" with high efficiency, low migration, toxicity.

Language: Английский

---

Characterization of Chemical Additives in Daily Clothing Regarding Human Exposure and Environmental Emissions

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 619 - 625

Published: May 17, 2024

Despite the ubiquitous use of textiles, chemical additives used in textile manufacturing, their human exposure, and environmental release have been largely overlooked. Herein, we screened for numerous additives, including synthetic antioxidants, organophosphate esters, phthalate detecting 93 98 chemicals 78 items clothing (sum concentration: 328 to 2.51 × 105 ng/g, median: 2.77 104 ng/g). Compared with esters significantly high concentrations antioxidants (median: ng/g) were found clothes both children adults. Different compositions observed between cotton artificial fabrics, 3 times higher than Dermal contact via sweaty may be a major exposure pathway 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol (contributing 39.1% total exposure); thus, it is recommended avoid rewearing minimize exposure. Additionally, emissions through laundry wastewater estimated at 11.2 tons/year China. The discharge 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone contributed 20.4% input into treatment plants China, indicating non-negligible source this chemical. This work provides comprehensive evidence unwanted underscores necessity continuous monitoring risks associated products.

Language: Английский

---

The Overlooked Risk of Horizontal Transfer of Plasmid-Borne Antibiotic Resistance Genes Induced by Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 137459 - 137459

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Mulch film: An overlooked diffuse source of organic ultraviolet absorbers in agricultural soil

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 318, P. 120935 - 120935

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) as an emerging contaminant of concern: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(58), P. 121370 - 121392

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

---