The neuraminidase activity of influenza A virus determines the strain-specific sensitivity to neutralization by respiratory mucus DOI
Alena N. Iseli, Marie O. Pohl, Irina Glas

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(10)

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The respiratory tract of humans is constantly exposed to potentially harmful agents, such as small particles or pathogens, and thus requires protective measures. Respiratory mucus that lines the airway epithelia plays a major role in prevention viral infections by limiting mobility viruses, allowing subsequent mucociliary clearance. Understanding interplay between viruses can help elucidate host virus characteristics enable initiation infection. Here, we tested panel primary influenza A avian human origin for their sensitivity derived from cultures found differences strains be mapped neuraminidase activity. We also show binding decoy receptors on highly glycosylated components constitutes inhibitory function against viruses.

Language: Английский

A quanta-independent approach for the assessment of strategies to reduce the risk of airborne infection DOI Creative Commons
Amar Aganović, Jarek Kurnitski, Pawel Wargocki

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 172278 - 172278

Published: April 5, 2024

The Wells-Riley model is extensively used for retrospective and prospective modelling of the risk airborne transmission infection in indoor spaces. It also when examining efficacy various removal deactivation methods infectious aerosols environment, which crucial selecting most effective control technologies. problem that large variation viral load between individuals makes output very sensitive to input parameters may yield a flawed prediction risk. absolute estimated with this can range from nearly 0 % 100 depending on load, even all other factors, such as mechanisms room geometry, remain unchanged. We therefore propose novel method removes sensitivity load. define quanta-independent maximum before-after difference independent quanta factors like physical activity, or dose-response relationships. data needed non-steady-state calculation are just rates, volume, occupancy duration. Under steady-state conditions approach provides an elegant solution only dependent before after applying measures. applied compare impact relative humidity, ventilation rate its effectiveness, filtering efficiency, use ultraviolet germicidal irradiation results demonstrate comprehensive understanding strategies infection, enabling rational decisions be made regarding specific context. proposed thus practical tool mitigation

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Hemagglutinin stability as a key determinant of influenza A virus transmission via air DOI Creative Commons

Ilona I. Tosheva,

Kain S Saygan,

Suzanne MA Mijnhardt

et al.

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 101335 - 101335

Published: June 10, 2023

To cause pandemics, zoonotic respiratory viruses need to adapt replication in and spread between humans, either via (indirect or direct) contact through the air droplets aerosols. render influenza A transmissible air, three phenotypic viral properties must change, of which receptor-binding specificity polymerase activity have been well studied. However, third adaptive property, hemagglutinin (HA) acid stability, is less understood. Recent studies show that there may be a correlation HA stability virus survival suggesting premature conformational change HA, triggered by low pH airways droplets, noninfectious before they can reach new host. We here summarize available data from (animal) on impact airborne transmission hypothesize transmissibility other also impacted an acidic environment airways.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Does vaping increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Paradoxically yes and no DOI

Rattapol Phandthong,

Man‐Kin Wong,

Ann Song

et al.

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 326(2), P. L175 - L189

Published: Dec. 26, 2023

Data on the relationship between electronic cigarettes (ECs) and SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited contradictory. Our objectives were to investigate impact of EC aerosols human bronchial epithelial cells identify causative chemical(s). Fully differentiated tissues (hBETs) exposed at air-liquid interface (ALI) produced from JUUL "Virginia Tobacco" BLU ECs, as well nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), benzoic acid, was then evaluated with pseudoparticles. Pseudoparticle hBETs increased PG/VG, PG/VG plus or ECs; however, did not increase compared controls. Increased in alone due enhanced endocytosis, whereas nicotine ECs caused by nicotine-induced elevation aerosol's pH, which correlated transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) activity. Notably, acid mitigated offering protection that lasted for least 48 h after exposure. In conclusion, study demonstrates can susceptibility depending their specific ingredients. through different mechanisms, certain These findings highlight complex susceptibility, emphasizing importance considering aerosol ingredients when evaluating potential effects risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
pH-dependent endocytosis mechanisms for influenza A and SARS-coronavirus DOI Creative Commons
Amar Aganović

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 10, 2023

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the influenza epidemics have revived interest in understanding how these highly contagious enveloped viruses respond to alterations physicochemical properties of their microenvironment. By mechanisms conditions by which exploit pH environment host cell during endocytosis, we can gain a better they pH-regulated anti-viral therapies but also pH-induced changes extracellular environments. This review provides detailed explanation pH-dependent viral structural preceding initiating disassembly endocytosis for A (IAV) SARS coronaviruses. Drawing upon extensive literature from last few decades latest research, I analyze compare circumstances IAV SARS-coronavirus undertake endocytotic pathways that are pH-dependent. While there similarities patterns leading fusion, activation differ. In terms fusion activity, measured values IAV, across all subtypes species, vary between approximately 5.0 6.0, while necessitates lower 6.0 or less. main difference endocytic is SARS-coronavirus, unlike require presence specific pH-sensitive enzymes (cathepsin L) endosomal transport. Conversely, conformational virus under acidic endosomes occur due envelope glycoprotein residues protein ion channels (viroporins) getting protonated H+ ions. Despite research over several decades, comprehending pH-triggered still poses significant challenge. precise protonation certain transport both remain incompletely understood. absence evidence, further needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
The neuraminidase activity of influenza A virus determines the strain-specific sensitivity to neutralization by respiratory mucus DOI
Alena N. Iseli, Marie O. Pohl, Irina Glas

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(10)

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The respiratory tract of humans is constantly exposed to potentially harmful agents, such as small particles or pathogens, and thus requires protective measures. Respiratory mucus that lines the airway epithelia plays a major role in prevention viral infections by limiting mobility viruses, allowing subsequent mucociliary clearance. Understanding interplay between viruses can help elucidate host virus characteristics enable initiation infection. Here, we tested panel primary influenza A avian human origin for their sensitivity derived from cultures found differences strains be mapped neuraminidase activity. We also show binding decoy receptors on highly glycosylated components constitutes inhibitory function against viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

7