Uptake and Biotransformation of the Tire Rubber-derived Contaminants 6-PPD and 6-PPD Quinone in the Zebrafish Embryo (Danio rerio)

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(41), P. 15598 - 15607

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) is a widely used antioxidant in tire rubber known to enter the aquatic environment via road runoff. The associated transformation product (TP) 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) causes extreme acute toxicity some fish species (e.g., coho salmon). To interpret species-specific toxicity, information about biotransformation products of 6-PPDQ would be relevant. This study investigated toxicokinetics and zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Over 96 h exposure, accumulated ZFE with concentration factors ranging from 140 2500 for 70 220 6-PPDQ. A total 22 TPs 12 were tentatively identified using liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry. After exposure 6-PPD, comprised 47% peak area (TPA), 4-hydroxydiphenylamine being most prominent ZFE. Upon >95% taken up was biotransformed, + O glucuronide dominating (>80% TPA). Among other reactive N-phenyl-p-benzoquinone imine found. knowledge this may support studies organisms.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of intestinal toxicity in enhancing intestinal permeability and in causing ROS production of six PPD quinones in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 172306 - 172306

Published: April 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

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In Vitro and In Vivo Biotransformation Profiling of 6PPD-Quinone toward Their Detection in Human Urine

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(21), P. 9113 - 9124

Published: May 14, 2024

The antioxidant N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its oxidized quinone product 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) in rubber have attracted attention due to the ecological risk that they pose. Both 6PPD 6PPD-Q been detected various environments humans cohabit. However, date, a clear understanding of biotransformation potential biomarker for exposure are lacking. To address this issue, study presents comprehensive analysis extensive across species, encompassing both vitro vivo models. We tentatively identified 17 metabolites vitro, 15 mice vivo, confirmed presence two human urine samples. Interestingly, different patterns were observed species. Through semiquantitative based on peak areas, we found almost all underwent within 24 h mice, primarily via hydroxylation subsequent glucuronidation. This suggests rapid metabolic processing mammals, underscoring importance identifying effective biomarkers exposure. Notably, monohydroxy 6PPD-Q-O-glucuronide consistently most predominant our studies, highlighting as key epidemiological research. These findings represent first data set mammalian systems, offering insights into pathways involved possible biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Potential human health risk of the emerging environmental contaminant 6-PPD quinone

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 949, P. 175057 - 175057

Published: July 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mapping chemical footprints of organic micropollutants in European streams

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 108371 - 108371

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

There is increasing awareness that chemical pollution of freshwater systems with complex mixtures chemicals from domestic sources, agriculture and industry may cause a substantial footprint on water organisms, pushing aquatic ecosystems outside the safe operating space. The present study defines footprints as risk or will have adverse effects specific group organisms. aim to characterise these in European streams based unique uniform screening more than 600 445 surface samples, derive site- compound-specific information for management prioritisation purposes. In total, 504 pesticides, biocides, pharmaceuticals other compounds been detected, including frequently occurring site-specific concentrations up 74 µg/L. Key finding three-quarter investigated sites 22 river basins exceed established thresholds freshwater, leading expected acute chronic impacts largest were recorded invertebrates, followed by algae fish. More 70 invertebrates. For all organism groups, pesticides biocides main drivers footprints, while mixture particularly relevant No clear significant correlation was found between urban discharge fractions, suggesting effluent-specific quality rather total load treated wastewater environment contribution diffuse e.g. agriculture, determine footprints.

Language: Английский

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P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174449 - 174449

Published: July 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(20), P. 8184 - 8219

Published: May 3, 2024

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTWater Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current IssuesSusan D. Richardson*Susan RichardsonDepartment of Chemistry Biochemistry, University South Carolina, JM Palms Center for GSR, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, Carolina 29208, United States*[email protected]More by Susan RichardsonView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-4513 Tarek ManasfiTarek ManasfiEawag, Environmental Chemistry, Uberlandstrasse 133, Dubendorf 8600, SwitzerlandMore ManasfiView BiographyCite this: Anal. Chem. 2024, 96, 20, 8184–8219Publication Date (Web):May 3, 2024Publication History Received16 March 2024Accepted16 April 2024Revised14 2024Published online3 May inissue 21 2024https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2024 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views826Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated to reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Drinking water,Extraction,Impurities,Liquid chromatography,Mass spectrometry Get e-Alerts

Language: Английский

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Small-Intensity Rainfall Triggers Greater Contamination of Rubber-Derived Chemicals in Road Stormwater Runoff from Various Functional Areas in Megalopolis Cities

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(29), P. 13056 - 13064

Published: June 20, 2024

Rubber-derived chemicals (RDCs) originating from tire and road wear particles are transported into stormwater runoff, potentially threatening organisms in receiving watersheds. However, there is a lack of knowledge on time variation novel RDCs limiting initial rainwater treatment subsequent resource utilization. In this study, we investigated the levels time−concentration profiles 35 target runoff eight functional areas Greater Bay Area, South China. The results showed that total concentrations were highest expressway compared with other seven areas. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone, benzothiazole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine top four highlighted (ND−228840 ng/L). Seasonal spatial differences revealed higher RDC dry season as well less-developed regions. A lag effect reaching peak was revealed, 10−90 min expressways. Small-intensity rainfall triggers greater contamination rubber-derived runoff. Environmental risk assessment indicated 35% posed high risk, especially PPD-quinones (risk quotient up to 2663). Our findings contribute better understanding managing for pollution.

Language: Английский

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Tire-derived contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-Q: Analysis, sample handling, and reconnaissance of United States stream exposures

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 363, P. 142830 - 142830

Published: July 11, 2024

The environmental ubiquity of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) underscores the need to understand occurrence, persistence, effects tire-related chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. One such chemical is 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), a transformation product antioxidant 6PPD. In urban stormwater runoff 6PPD-Q can exceed acute toxicity thresholds for several salmonid species being implicated significant coho salmon losses Pacific Northwest. There critical prevalence across watersheds identify habitats heavily affected by TRWPs. We conducted reconnaissance 6PPD surface waters United States from sites (N = 94) with varying land use (urban, agricultural, forested) streamflow better stream exposures. A rapid, low-volume direct-inject, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed quantitation screening Laboratory holding times, bottle material, headspace, filter materials were investigated inform best practices sampling analysis. Glass bottles PTFE-lined caps minimized sorption borosilicate glass fiber filters provided highest recovery. stable at least 5 months pure laboratory solutions 75 days °C minimal headspace water stormwaters. Results also indicated samples be frozen extend times. not detected any 526 analyzed there no detections agricultural or forested sites. frequently (57%, N 90) impacted (45%, 276) concentrations ranging 0.002 0.29 μg/L. concentrations, above lethal level salmon, occurred during events. This highlights importance capturing episodic events areas near ecologically relevant habitat nursery grounds sensitive species.

Language: Английский

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