Predictions of groundwater PFAS occurrence at drinking water supply depths in the United States

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6723), P. 748 - 755

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known colloquially as "forever chemicals," have been associated with adverse human health effects contaminated drinking water supplies across the United States owing to their long-term widespread use. People in may unknowingly be that contains PFAS because of a lack systematic analysis, particularly domestic supplies. We present an extreme gradient-boosting model for predicting occurrence groundwater at depths supply conterminous States. Our results indicate 71 million 95 people potentially rely on detectable concentrations before any treatment.

Language: Английский

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Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(20), P. 8184 - 8219

Published: May 3, 2024

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTWater Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current IssuesSusan D. Richardson*Susan RichardsonDepartment of Chemistry Biochemistry, University South Carolina, JM Palms Center for GSR, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, Carolina 29208, United States*[email protected]More by Susan RichardsonView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-4513 Tarek ManasfiTarek ManasfiEawag, Environmental Chemistry, Uberlandstrasse 133, Dubendorf 8600, SwitzerlandMore ManasfiView BiographyCite this: Anal. Chem. 2024, 96, 20, 8184–8219Publication Date (Web):May 3, 2024Publication History Received16 March 2024Accepted16 April 2024Revised14 2024Published online3 May inissue 21 2024https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2024 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views826Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated to reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Drinking water,Extraction,Impurities,Liquid chromatography,Mass spectrometry Get e-Alerts

Language: Английский

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Characterizing the Areal Extent of PFAS Contamination in Fish Species Downgradient of AFFF Source Zones

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(43), P. 19440 - 19453

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Most monitoring programs next to large per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) sources focus on drinking water contamination near source zones. However, less is understood about how these affect downgradient hydrological systems food webs. Here, we report paired PFAS measurements in water, sediment, aquatic biota along a gradient away from zones contaminated by the use of legacy aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) manufactured using electrochemical fluorination. Clustering analysis indicates that composition characteristic AFFF detectable fishes >8 km source. Concentrations 38 targeted extractable organofluorine (EOF) decreased AFFF-contaminated concentrations remained above consumption limits at all locations within affected watershed. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide precursors accounted for approximately half fish tissues, which explain >90% EOF across sampling locations. Suspect screening analyses revealed presence polyfluoroketone pharmaceutical species, fluorinated agrochemical likely does not accumulate biological suggesting diffuse such as septic system inputs throughout watershed addition contamination. Based results, consider hydrologically connected regions watersheds would help ensure public health protection.

Language: Английский

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Low-Temperature Mineralization of Fluorotelomers with Diverse Polar Head Groups

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(25), P. 17150 - 17157

Published: June 13, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants linked to harmful health effects. Currently employed PFAS destruction methods energy-intensive often produce shorter-chain recalcitrant partially fluorinated byproducts. We report the mineralization of five fluorotelomer compounds via a base-mediated degradation using NaOH mild temperatures (120 °C) in mixture DMSO:H2O (8:1 v/v). The studied fluorotelomers have varying polar head groups–carboxylic acids, sulfonic alcohols, phosphonic which most common groups used commercial industrial applications. intermediates byproducts were characterized 1H, 13C, 19F NMR spectroscopy. Density functional theory computations at M06-2X/6-311 + G(2d,p)-SMD-(DMSO) level consistent with observed guided an overall mechanistic hypothesis. Degradation each occurs through similar process, nonfluorinated carbons first carbon cleaved from remaining perfluoroalkyl fragment, degrades previously identified pathways. These findings provide important insight into processes suggest that containing least one C–H bond within or adjacent its fluoroalkyl chain can be degraded under these conditions. Many current use as well generated other candidates for this approach.

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and global water resources: an in-depth review of existing regulatory frameworks worldwide

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Time Is Ripe for Targeting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances-Induced Hormesis: Global Aquatic Hotspots and Implications for Ecological Risk Assessment

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(21), P. 9314 - 9327

Published: May 6, 2024

Globally implemented ecological risk assessment (ERA) guidelines marginalize hormesis, a biphasic dose–response relationship characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The present study illuminated the promise of hormesis as scientific model for ERA per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represented perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS). A total 266 hormetic relationships were recompiled from 1237 observations, covering 30 species nine representative taxonomic groups. standardized amplitudes followed log-normal probability distribution, being subject to limits biological plasticity but independent stress inducers. SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm revealed that target endpoint was most important variable explaining amplitudes. Subsequently, quantitative frameworks established incorporate into predicted no-effect concentration levels, with lower induction dose zero-equivalent point broader zone PFOS. Realistically, 10,117 observed concentrations PFOA PFOS gathered worldwide, 4% which fell within zones, highlighting environmental relevance hormesis. Additionally, potential identified in other legacy emerging PFAS well their alternatives mixtures. Collectively, it is time concept studies facilitate more realistic characterizations.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence, migration, and assessment of human health and ecological risks of PFASs and EDCs in groundwater of Northeast China

Water Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 122810 - 122810

Published: Nov. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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β-cyclodextrin imprinted film embedded with methylene blue: A host-guest sensitive electrochemical strategy for PFAS detection

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 485, P. 136870 - 136870

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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PFAS: The Journey from Wonder Chemicals to Environmental Nightmares and the Search for Solutions

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 8611 - 8611

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are diverse synthetic chemicals manufactured over seven decades. It is an aliphatic molecule with a basic hydrophobic structure of carbon fluorine linked to hydrophilic end group. Due their physicochemical properties associated the unique structure, PFAS has been used in wide variety applications including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), paper, carpets, non-stick cookware, etc. as they make products resistant water, heat, stains. These molecules have drawn great attention recently for properties, high stability low degradability, so-called “Forever Chemicals”. strongest carbon-fluorine bond which makes them persistent environment. Hence it contaminates natural resources endangers public health. This review discusses discovery, development, evolution from wonder chemical era nightmare era, exposure its impacts on human health environment, current remediation techniques, future trends related products. The primary objective this identify knowledge gaps contamination, methods, possible alternatives.

Language: Английский

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Heavy-Metal Ions Control on PFAS Adsorption on Goethite in Aquatic Systems

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(45), P. 20235 - 20244

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that often co-occur with heavy metals. Despite their prevalence, the mobility of PFAS in complex, multicomponent systems, particularly at molecular scale, remains poorly understood. The vast diversity low concentrations alongside anthropogenic natural underscore need for integrating mechanistic insights into sorption models. This study explores influence metal cations (Cu(II), Cd(II), Fe(II)) on adsorption four common (PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, GenX) onto goethite (α-FeOOH), a iron (oxyhydr)oxide both aquatic terrestrial environments. was highly dependent type, pH, ion concentration, surface complexation model effectively predicting these interactions. Cu(II) Cd(II) enhanced PFOS PFDA via ternary while slightly reducing PFOA GenX adsorption. Under anoxic conditions, Fe(II) significantly increased all PFAS, showing reactivity greater than those Cd(II). Additionally, organic matter mobility, although groundwater may counteract this by enhancing retention. These findings highlight key role transport offer critical behavior oxic-anoxic interfaces.

Language: Английский

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