Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 259 - 265

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their environmental ubiquity. However, lactational exposure these emerging contaminants of current concern remains unknown. In this study, 21 amine antioxidants, 18 macromolecular hindered phenol 3 organophosphite and 2 p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) were integrated into a dedicated screening human milk from South China. Among all 42 target AOs, 19 detected, but no PPD-Qs detected any the samples. Eight including N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), frequently more than half The summed concentrations detectable AOs ranged 133 7,560 pg/mL, with median 713 pg/mL. Significant correlations observed among antioxidants. preliminary risk assessment revealed that under high scenario, overall daily intake identified through breastfeeding might pose non-negligible health newborns. This study is first attempt comprehensively identify wide range prevalent milk. findings call for urgent infant widely used less well evaluated chemicals possible increased accumulative future.

Language: Английский

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Discovering Novel Organophosphorus Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents through Suspect Screening and Nontarget Analysis

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(14), P. 6402 - 6414

Published: March 28, 2024

Limited knowledge on the structure of emerging organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) hampers our comprehensive understanding their environmental occurrence and potential risks. Through suspect nontarget screening, combining data-dependent acquisition, data-independent parallel reaction monitoring modes, we identified 60 OPCs (17 traditional 43 compounds) in effluents 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) Beijing Qinghai, China. These comprise 26 organophosphate triesters, 17 diesters, 6 organophosphonates, 7 organothiophosphate esters, 4 other OPCs. Notably, were newly WWTP effluents, 16 discovered matrices. Specifically, cyclic phosphonate, (5-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)methyl dimethyl phosphonate P-oxide (PMMMPn), consistently appeared all with semiquantitative concentrations ranging from 44.4 to 282 ng/L. Its analogue, di-PMMMPn, presented 93% samples. Compositional differences between two cities mainly attributed Hazard ecological risk assessment underscored substantial contribution chlorinated esters overall risks effluents. This study provides most OPC profiles date, highlighting need for further research occurrence, fate, risks, particularly

Language: Английский

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Contamination Status of Novel Organophosphate Esters Derived from Organophosphite Antioxidants in Soil and the Effects on Soil Bacterial Communities

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(24), P. 10740 - 10751

Published: May 21, 2024

The contamination status of novel organophosphate esters (NOPEs) and their precursors organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) hydroxylated/diester transformation products (OH-OPEs/di-OPEs) in soils across a large-scale area China were investigated. total concentrations the three test NOPEs soil 82.4–716 ng g–1, which considerably higher than those traditional OPEs (4.50–430 g–1), OPAs (n.d.–30.8 OH-OPEs (n.d.–0.49 di-OPEs (0.57–21.1 g–1). One NOPE compound, i.e., tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168 = O) contributed over 65% studied OPE-associated contaminants. A 30-day incubation experiment was performed to confirm influence AO168 O on bacterial communities. Specific genera belonging Proteobacteria, such as Lysobacter Ensifer, enriched O-contaminated soils. Moreover, ecological function methylotrophy observed be significantly enhanced (t-test, p < 0.01) treated with O, while nitrogen fixation inhibited 0.01). These findings comprehensively revealed contaminants environment provided first evidence effects microbial

Language: Английский

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Integration of Nontarget Screening and QSPR Models to Identify Novel Organophosphate Esters of High Priority in Aquatic Environment

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(32), P. 14506 - 14517

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

With the development of large numbers novel organophosphate esters (OPEs) alternatives, it is imperative to screen and identify those with high priority. In this study, surface water, biofilms, freshwater snails were collected from flow-in rivers Taihu Lake Basin, China. Screened by target, suspect, nontarget analysis, 11 traditional 14 OPEs identified, which 5 first discovered in Basin. The OPE concentrations water ranged 196 2568 ng/L, primary homologue tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphate (TDtBPP) being newly was likely derived transformation phosphite. majority identified displayed substantially higher bioaccumulation biomagnification potentials biofilm-snail food chain than ones. Quantitative structure–property relationship models revealed both hydrophobicity polarity influenced OPEs, while electrostatic attraction also had a contribution biofilm. TDtBPP determined as utmost priority toxicological index scheme, integrated concentration, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, acute toxicity, endocrine disrupting potential OPEs. These findings provide insights into behaviors scientific bases for better management high-risk pollutants aquatic ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Bringing Organophosphate Ester Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) Phosphate to the Forefront: A Hidden Threat to the Environment

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 920 - 930

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (AO168) is a widely utilized organophosphite antioxidant in the field of plastics. Throughout production and usage processes, AO168 can undergo oxidation convert into tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168═O), which has been identified as one novel organophosphate esters (OPEs). AO168═O now extensively present environment, with concentrations generally exceeding those traditional OPEs such triphenyl tri(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate. Consequently, emerged significant concern that receiving attention from scientific community. However, there exists some controversy regarding formation mechanisms potential risks AO168═O. This Review provides comprehensive overview for first time environmental occurrence, pathways, toxicities, linked to AO168═O, aiming assist researchers policymakers obtaining an unbiased description its impacts on both environment human health. Given numerous unresolved aspects surrounding along wide greater should be devoted this emerging contaminant.

Language: Английский

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Aggravating Pollution of Emerging Aryl Organophosphate Esters in Urban Estuarine Sediments of South China

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 17, 2024

Emerging aryl organophosphate esters (aryl-OPEs) have been employed as substitutes for organohalogen flame retardants in recent years; however, their environmental occurrence and associated impacts urban estuarine sediments not adequately investigated, impeding regulatory decision-making. Herein, field-based investigations modeling based on surface sediment core analysis were to uncover the historical pollution current of aryl-OPEs Pearl River Estuary, South China. Our results revealed a substantial increase aryl-OPE emission, particularly emerging aryl-OPEs, through transport estuary since 2000s. The comprised 83% total annual input past decade, with an average 155,000 g. Additionally, emerging-to-traditional concentration ratios increased decreasing distance from shore, peaking highly urbanized riverine outlets. These findings indicate that inventories are likely increasing emissions surpassing those traditional aryl-OPEs. risk-based priority screening approach indicates some bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), can pose higher risk than sediments. Overall, our study highlights importance recognizing

Language: Английский

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Simultaneous tributyl phosphate (TBP) removal and P recovery through electro-Fenton (EF): process exploring and mechanism probing

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 115352 - 115352

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Strategies to Reduce Uncertainties from the Best Available Physicochemical Parameters Used for Modeling Novel Organophosphate Esters across Multimedia Environments

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) raise growing environmental and human health concerns globally. However, numerous novel OPEs lack data on physicochemical properties, which are essential for assessing fate, exposure, risks. This study predicted water solubility (Sw), vapor pressure (Vp), octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), octanol-air (Koa) at 25 °C 46 by identifying optimal in silico tools establishing prediction strategies based molecular weights (MWs). Prediction discrepancies between increased with MWs structural complexity. Method evaluations compounds > 450 g/mol suggest that COSMOtherm is advantageous predicting Sw Vp alkyl-OPEs, while SPARC better aryl- halogenated-OPEs. For 500 g/mol, recommended Kow Koa prediction, respectively. smaller OPEs, average values from the top three of COSMOtherm, SPARC, EPI Suite, OPERA, ranked validation traditional flame retardants, recommended. Using improper software could cause deviations multimedia distribution overall persistence environment up to 83 350%, The present strategy useful enhance reliability risk assessments various emerging contaminants.

Language: Английский

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Global Gridded Emission Inventory of Organophosphate Flame Retardants from 2010 to 2020

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

As a substitute for brominated flame retardants, organophosphate retardants (OPFRs) have become global concern due to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation. To paint an overall picture of OPFRs in the environment, present study develops gridded emission inventory on spatial resolution 1 × 1° from 2010 2020. Revealing 3.31% average annual increase emissions, totaling 21,324.42 tons. The production process is primary source, accounting 55.43% with consumption processes making up rest. Major sources are Asia, North America, Europe. verified by implementing data into atmospheric transport model predict OPFR concentrations environment comparing modeled field sampled data. results indicate that reliable except pristine polar region, where underestimate levels atmosphere, likely resulting ignorance chemical reactions secondary derivative parent during long-distance model. This comprehensive set aids formulating control policies assessing health risks.

Language: Английский

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Multi-target analyses of persistent organic pollutants, halogenated natural products, and organophosphate esters in bivalves from Seto Inland Sea, Japan: Residue levels, profiles, and spatial trends

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 967, P. 178801 - 178801

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Comprehensive monitoring studies on the multiple exposure status to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), halogenated natural products (HNPs), and organophosphate esters (OPEs) of coastal biota are quite limited worldwide, especially for wild sessile bivalves. The present study performed multi-target analyses POPs, HNPs, OPEs in mussel oyster samples collected 2017 2019 from areas Seto Inland Sea, largest semi-enclosed sea Japan. For OPEs, we established a highly accurate analytical method applicable bivalve soft tissue samples, with minimal blank contamination. Multi-target based gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed ubiquity not only legacy but also emerging compounds Sea. However, clear differences spatial distribution patterns were observed, indicating presence compound-specific local emission sources environment. Interestingly, several aryl- chlorinated-OPEs, including triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tricresyl (TMPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) (TCIPP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) (TDCIPP), found detection frequencies >50 %, residue levels these OPE higher than those major hexabromocyclododecanes polybrominated diphenyl ethers at almost all sampling points. These results might be attributed increasing demand as alternatives after regulation such hazardous brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Especially, considering that TCIPP has lowest log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) thus bioaccumulation potential among above BFRs, still accumulate relatively concentrations bivalves, substantial amount input into Sea subsequent organisms can suggested.

Language: Английский

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