Globally Changing Nutrient Loads and Harmful Algal Blooms: Recent Advances, New Paradigms, and Continuing Challenges

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 58 - 69

Published: March 1, 2017

It is now well recognized that there are more harmful algal blooms (HABs), often, in new and different places, often lasting longer, with a range of toxicities, many these related to nutrient pollution.Nutrient loads increasing globally, but they changing regionally proportion the dominant form nutrient.The fact have generally increased is, itself, insufficient for promotion HABs.The success HABs lies at intersection physiological adaptations species, environmental conditions, interactions co-occurring organisms alter abiotic conditions and/or aggregate or disperse cells, turn promoting inhibiting their growth.It change supply right nutrients time helps create conducive specific HABs.Many dinoflagellate cyanobacterial appear allow them exploit environments-and potentially even become toxic-where not balanced (Redfield) proportions.HABs also complex ways due changes climate other affect timing, amount, proportions nutrients.There much work be done understand ecology species.Climate altered CO 2 levels, implications productivity global ocean, should motivate both models experimental investigations support them.Based on current knowledge, management clear: most effective actions reduce impacts will continued efforts entering our waters.

Language: Английский

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Ecophysiological Examination of the Lake Erie Microcystis Bloom in 2014: Linkages between Biology and the Water Supply Shutdown of Toledo, OH

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 51(12), P. 6745 - 6755

Published: May 23, 2017

Annual cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis have occurred in western Lake Erie (U.S./Canada) during summer months since 1995. The production of toxins bloom-forming cyanobacteria can lead to drinking water crises, such as the one experienced city Toledo August 2014, when was rendered without for >2 days. It is important understand conditions and environmental cues that were driving this specific bloom provide a scientific framework management future events. To end, samples collected metatranscriptomes generated coincident with collection metrics eight sites located basin Erie, including station proximal intake Toledo. These data used generate basin-wide ecophysiological fingerprint populations 2014 comparison previous communities. Our observations analyses indicate that, at time sample collection, under dual nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) stress, genes involved scavenging these nutrients being actively transcribed. Targeted analysis urea transport hydrolysis suggests potentially role exogenous source event. Finally, simulation suggest wind event caused microcystin-rich from Maumee Bay be transported east along southern shoreline past intake. Coupled significant cyanophage infection, results reveal combination biological factors led disruption supply. This scenario not atypical reoccurring thus may reoccur future.

Language: Английский

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Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Journal of Great Lakes Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 686 - 702

Published: May 25, 2020

Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They also sentinels global local change, recent studies in limnology paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence their collective degradation terms depletion (water food), rapid warming loss ice, destruction ecosystems, accelerating pollution. particularly exposed to anthropogenic climatic stressors. The Second Warning Humanity provides a framework assess dangers now threatening world's large lake ecosystems evaluate pathways sustainable development more respectful ongoing provision Here we review current emerging threats world, iconic examples management failures successes, from which identify priorities approaches future conservation efforts. underscores extent resource degradation, is result cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined other Decades resulted major challenges restoration legacy ecological economic costs generations. will require intense efforts warmer, increasingly populated achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This an opportunity highlight value observatory network monitor report on environmental changes ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Sediment internal nutrient loading in the most polluted area of a shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Chaohu, China) and its contribution to lake eutrophication

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 262, P. 114292 - 114292

Published: Feb. 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Internal cycling, not external loading, decides the nutrient limitation in eutrophic lake: A dynamic model with temporal Bayesian hierarchical inference

Water Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 231 - 240

Published: March 19, 2017

Language: Английский

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The magnitude and drivers of harmful algal blooms in China’s lakes and reservoirs: A national-scale characterization

Water Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 115902 - 115902

Published: May 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Barriers and Bridges in Abating Coastal Eutrophication

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: March 18, 2019

Over the past 30 years concerted campaigns have been undertaken to reverse nutrient-driven eutrophication in coastal waters Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Typically, abatement has proven a more recalcitrant challenge than anticipated, with ecosystem improvements only recently beginning emerge or falling short of goals. Reduction nutrient loads come mainly from advanced treatment wastewaters lagged targets set for diffuse agricultural sources. Synthesis major campaigns—varying terms physical settings, characteristics, sources, socio-economic drivers, governance—identified barriers inhibiting potential bridges overcome them. Actionable science can be by: application well-established emerging knowledge experience around globe, client-responsive strategic research, timely conclusive adjudication scientific controversies. More accountable governance requires: enduring engagement high-level officials responsible governments; effective communication causes, risks benefits public stakeholders; quantitative allocation responsibility load reductions; binding requirements, as opposed simply voluntary actions. Effective reduction strategies both nitrogen phosphorus; inclusion actions that reduce atmospheric emissions addition direct inputs waterways; efficacious regulations; subsidies based on performance; limitations biofuel production increases loads; enhancing sinks losses legacy nutrients retained soils groundwater. Outcomes must measured appropriately adjusted through: sustained monitoring essential indicators processes, use multiple models, truly adaptive management, precautious interventions within ecosystem. The changing climate taken into account by reassessing achievable future conditions seeking alternatives mitigating adapting change also loads.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating Toxic Planktonic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems Facing Increasing Anthropogenic and Climatic Pressures

Toxins, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 76 - 76

Published: Feb. 8, 2018

Toxic planktonic cyanobacterial blooms are a pressing environmental and human health problem. Blooms expanding globally threatening sustainability of our aquatic resources. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment hydrological modifications, including water diversions reservoir construction, major drivers bloom expansion. Climatic change, i.e., warming, more extreme rainfall events, droughts, act synergistically with to exacerbate the Bloom mitigation steps, which focus this review, must consider these dynamic interactive factors in order be successful short- long-term. Furthermore, steps applicable along freshwater marine continuum connecting streams, lakes, rivers, estuarine, coastal waters. There is an array physical, chemical, biological approaches, flushing, mixing, dredging, application algaecides, precipitating phosphorus, selective grazing, that may arrest reduce intensities short-term. However, ensure long term, sustainable success, targeting reductions both nitrogen phosphorus inputs should accompany approaches continuum. Lastly, strategies accommodate climatic variability will likely modulate alter nutrient-bloom thresholds.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating eutrophication and toxic cyanobacterial blooms in large lakes: The evolution of a dual nutrient (N and P) reduction paradigm

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 847(21), P. 4359 - 4375

Published: Oct. 29, 2019

Language: Английский

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The misuse of ratios in ecological stoichiometry

Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(11)

Published: July 31, 2020

Ecological stoichiometry is concerned with the ratios of different elements, particularly carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Ratios by their nature do not respond symmetrically to changes in numerator denominator follow normal distributions; however, researchers frequently fail consider these properties analyses, which has biased reported results. Calculating means, variance, or linear slopes based on untransformed results I demonstrate consequences errors for inferences from stoichiometric analyses using simple examples several large monitoring data sets. then review 100 studies ecological find that misuse ratio common, 93% containing at least one error. These may be problematic, large-scale meta-analyses summarizing over ranges. Fortunately, most mistakes can easily avoided first log transforming elemental ratios. therefore recommend that, ensure robust reproducible results, should adopt a convention presenting as logarithm molar future. The widespread use nitrogen phosphorus an indicator nutrient limitation likely exaggerated importance limitation, freshwater systems.

Language: Английский

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