Detection of Various Microplastics in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(30), P. 10911 - 10918

Published: July 13, 2023

Microplastics have been detected in human stool, lungs, and placentas, which direct exposure to the external environment through various body cavities, including oral/anal cavity uterine/vaginal cavity. Crucial data on microplastic completely enclosed organs are still lacking. Herein, we used a laser infrared chemical imaging system scanning electron microscopy investigate whether microplastics exist heart its surrounding tissues. Microplastic specimens were collected from 15 cardiac surgery patients, 6 pericardia, epicardial adipose tissues, 11 pericardial 3 myocardia, 5 left atrial appendages, 7 pairs of pre- postoperative venous blood samples. not universally present all tissue samples, but nine types found across five with largest measuring 469 μm diameter. Nine also samples maximum diameter 184 μm, type distribution showed alterations following surgical procedure. Moreover, presence poly(methyl methacrylate) appendage, tissue, cannot be attributed accidental during surgery, providing evidence patients undergoing surgery. Further research is needed examine impact introduction potential effects internal health.

Language: Английский

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Detection of various microplastics in placentas, meconium, infant feces, breastmilk and infant formula: A pilot prospective study

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 854, P. 158699 - 158699

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Identification of microplastics in human placenta using laser direct infrared spectroscopy

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 856, P. 159060 - 159060

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microplastic diagnostics in humans: “The 3Ps” Progress, problems, and prospects

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 856, P. 159164 - 159164

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health

Annals of Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of the most significant advances modern civilization in fields as diverse medicine, electronics, aerospace, construction, food packaging, sports. It is now clear, however, that plastics are also responsible for harms human health, economy, earth's environment. These occur at every stage plastic life cycle, from extraction coal, oil, gas its main feedstocks through ultimate disposal into The extent these not been systematically assessed, their magnitude fully quantified, economic costs comprehensively counted.The goals this Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Human Health examine plastics' impacts across cycle on: (1) health well-being; (2) global environment, especially ocean; (3) economy; (4) vulnerable populations-the poor, minorities, world's children. On basis examination, offers science-based recommendations designed support development a Global Treaty, protect save lives.This report contains seven Sections. Following an Introduction, Section 2 presents narrative review processes involved production, use, notes hazards environment associated with each stages. 3 describes ocean potential enter marine web result exposure. 4 details health. 5 first-order estimate health-related costs. 6 examines intersection between plastic, social inequity, environmental injustice. 7 Commission's findings recommendations.Plastics complex, highly heterogeneous, synthetic chemical materials. Over 98% produced fossil carbon- oil gas. comprised carbon-based polymer backbone thousands additional chemicals incorporated polymers convey specific properties such color, flexibility, stability, water repellence, flame retardation, ultraviolet resistance. Many added toxic. They include carcinogens, neurotoxicants endocrine disruptors phthalates, bisphenols, per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated retardants, organophosphate retardants. integral components many environment.Global production has increased almost exponentially since World War II, time more than 8,300 megatons (Mt) manufactured. Annual volume grown under Mt 1950 460 2019, 230-fold increase, track triple by 2060. More half all ever 2002. Single-use account 35-40% current represent rapidly growing segment manufacture.Explosive recent growth reflects deliberate pivot integrated multinational fossil-carbon corporations produce manufacture plastics. reducing fuels increasing manufacture. two principal factors decreasing demand due increases 'green' energy, massive expansion fracking.Plastic energy-intensive contributes significantly climate change. At present, estimated 3.7% greenhouse emissions, contribution Brazil. This fraction projected increase 4.5% 2060 if trends continue unchecked.The three phases: disposal. In carbon feedstocks-coal, gas, oil-are transformed energy-intensive, catalytic vast array products. Plastic use occurs aspect results widespread exposure contained plastic. constitute largest portion followed fibers construction.Plastic inefficient, recovery recycling rates below 10% globally. 22 waste enters year, much it single-use gigatons accumulated 1950. Strategies controlled uncontrolled landfilling, open burning, thermal conversion, export. Vast quantities exported year high-income low-income countries, where accumulates landfills, pollutes air water, degrades vital ecosystems, befouls beaches estuaries, health-environmental injustice scale. Plastic-laden e-waste particularly problematic.Plastics plastic-associated pollution. contaminate aquatic (marine freshwater), terrestrial, atmospheric environments destination found throughout ocean, including coastal regions, sea surface, deep sea, polar ice. appear resist breakdown could persist decades. Macro- micro-plastic particles identified hundreds species major taxa, consumed humans. Trophic transfer microplastic within them demonstrated. Although themselves (>10 µm) undergo biomagnification, hydrophobic bioaccumulate animals biomagnify webs. amounts fates smaller nanoplastic (MNPs <10 poorly understood, but harm worrying given mobility biological systems. Adverse pollution multiple levels molecular biochemical population ecosystem. MNP contamination seafood direct, though well chemicals. Marine endangers ecosystems upon which depends food, oxygen, livelihood, well-being.Coal miners, workers field who extract suffer mortality traumatic injury, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary lung cancer. risk leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic angiosarcoma, brain cancer, breast mesothelioma, neurotoxic decreased fertility. Workers producing textiles die bladder interstitial disease rates. toxic metal poisoning, neuropathy, Residents "fenceline" communities adjacent sites experience risks premature birth, low birth weight, asthma, childhood cancer.During disposal, release additives residual monomers people. National biomonitoring surveys USA document population-wide exposures disrupt function births, neurodevelopmental disorders, male reproductive defects, infertility, obesity, renal cancers. Chemical-laden MNPs formed degradation can living organisms, Emerging, albeit still incomplete evidence indicates may cause toxicity physical toxicological effects acting vectors transport bacterial pathogens tissues cells.Infants womb young children populations high plastic-related effects. Because exquisite sensitivity early hazardous children's unique patterns exposure, linked prematurity, stillbirth, defects organs, impairment, impaired growth, Early-life non-communicable diseases later life.Plastic's We 2015 exceeded $250 billion (2015 Int$) globally, alone disability caused PBDE, BPA DEHP $920 Int$). (GHG) emissions equivalent 1.96 dioxide (CO2e) annually. Using US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) cost metric, we annual GHG be $341 Int$).These costs, large they are, certainly underestimate full losses resulting negative All costs-and costs-are externalized petrochemical manufacturing industry borne citizens, taxpayers, governments countries around world without compensation.The adverse economy evenly distributed. disproportionately affect disempowered, marginalized workers, racial ethnic communities, Indigenous groups, women, children, whom had little do creating crisis lack political influence or resources address it. Plastics' harmful keenly felt South, small island states, disenfranchised areas North. Social justice (SEJ) principles require reversal inequitable burdens ensure no group bears disproportionate share those benefit economically bear fair currently costs.It clear sustainable societal injustices.The driver worsening exponential accelerating production. further magnified long persistence environment.The plastics-monomers, additives, processing agents, non-intentionally substances-include amongst number known disruptors, neurotoxicants, persistent organic pollutants. planetary leach out plastics, pollution, disease. efforts reduce must chemicals.To at-risk populations, put end 2040, supports urgent adoption nations strong comprehensive Treaty accord mandate set forth March 2022 resolution United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).International measures needed curb because transcend national boundaries, scale, well-being people poorest nations. Effective implementation will international action coordinated complemented interventions national, regional, local levels.This urges cap targets, timetables, contributions central provision Treaty. recommend inclusion following provisions:The needs extend beyond microplastics litter plastics.The banning severely restricting unnecessary, avoidable, problematic items, items manufactured microbeads.The requirements extended producer responsibility (EPR) make producers, manufacturers products legally financially safety end-of-life management materials sell.The reductions complexity products; health-protective standards additives; requirement non-toxic materials; disclosure components; traceability components. International cooperation essential implementing enforcing standards.The SEJ remedies fill gaps community knowledge advance both distributional procedural equity.This encourages calling exploration listing least pollutants (POPs) Stockholm Convention.This interface Basel London Conventions enhance slow exports least-developed countries.This recommends creation Permanent Science Policy Advisory Body guide Treaty's implementation. priorities would Member States other stakeholders evaluating solutions effective consumption, enhancing recycling, curbing generation waste. assess trade-offs among evaluate safer alternatives monitor transnational export coordinate robust oceanic-, land-, air-based monitoring programs.This investment research crisis. need determine cost-effective context particular proposed solutions. Oceanographic better measure concentrations µm understand distribution fate Biomedical elucidate MNPs.This finds boon stealth threat enormous benefits, linear pay attention design safe near absence recovery, reuse, grave damage, injustices. worsening.While there remain about uncertainties magnitude, available today demonstrates unequivocally severity intervention Manufacture continue. However, reckless ever-increasing unnecessary products, curbed.Global against failure act immense.

Language: Английский

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Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects

Environment & Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 249 - 257

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the global environment. As a typical emerging pollutant, its potential health hazards have been widely concerning. In this brief paper, we introduce source, identification, toxicity, and hazard of microplastics human. The literature review shows that frequently detected environmental human samples. Humans potentially exposed to through oral intake, inhalation, skin contact. We summarize toxic effects experimental models like cells, organoids, animals. These consist oxidative stress, DNA damage, organ dysfunction, metabolic disorder, immune response, neurotoxicity, as well reproductive developmental toxicity. addition, epidemiological evidence suggests variety chronic diseases may be related exposure. Finally, put forward gaps toxicity research their future development directions. This will helpful understanding exposure risk microplastics.

Language: Английский

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Micro(nano)plastics sources, fate, and effects: What we know after ten years of research

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100057 - 100057

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

The last decade has been transformative for micro(nano)plastic (MnP) research with recent discoveries revealing the extent and magnitude of MnP pollution, even in world's most remote places. Historically, while researchers recognized that plastic pollution was derived from land-based sources, it generally believed microplastic particles (i.e., fragments <5 mm) only a marine issue effects largely impacting biota. However, over progressed rapidly MnPs freshwater, snow, ice, soil, terrestrial biota, air found ocean spray. have now every environmental compartment on earth, within tissues gastrointestinal tracts thousands species, including humans, resulting harmful effects. 10 years also seen development new techniques analysis, re-purposing old technologies allowing us to determine down nano size range (<1 µm). This short review summarizes what key milestones major advances made nanoplastic environment, their fate, decade.

Language: Английский

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First Evidence of Microplastics in Human Urine, a Preliminary Study of Intake in the Human Body

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 40 - 40

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) and their health effects is a recent scientific topic. However, the investigation MPs in human/biological matrices has several limitations due to analytical methods sample treatment protocols. In this study, urine samples six volunteers from different cities south Italy (three men three women) was investigated by Raman microspectroscopy. analysis pinpointed four pigmented microplastic fragments (4-15 μm size), with irregular shapes, which were characterized terms morphology chemical composition. Polyethylene vinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) found (PVA PVC one female PP PE male samples). This preliminary study suggests that could pass through gastrointestinal tract are eliminated biological processes.

Language: Английский

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From natural environment to animal tissues: A review of microplastics(nanoplastics) translocation and hazards studies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 855, P. 158686 - 158686

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Disturbed Gut-Liver axis indicating oral exposure to polystyrene microplastic potentially increases the risk of insulin resistance

Environment International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 107273 - 107273

Published: April 30, 2022

Human uptake abundance of microplastics via various pathways, and they accumulate in human liver, kidney, gut even placenta (especially with a diameter 1 μm or less). Recent scientific studies have found that exposure to causes intestinal inflammation liver metabolic disorder, but it remains largely unknown whether the damage may cause further development severe diseases. In this study, we discovered one such potential diseases be induced by small-sized (with μm) performing multi-organ multi-omics study comprising metabolomics microbiome approaches. Unlike other animal experiments, dosing strategy was applied mice according daily highly exposed population, which more environmentally relevant reflective real-world exposure. Our on gut-liver axis metabolism shown crosstalk between ultimately leaded insulin resistance diabetes. We proactively verified hypothesis measuring levels fasting blood glucose insulin, were significantly elevated These results indicate urgent need large-scale cohort evaluation epidemiology prognosis after future.

Language: Английский

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