Acute Toxicity of the Tire Rubber-Derived Chemical 6PPD-quinone to Four Fishes of Commercial, Cultural, and Ecological Importance

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 333 - 338

Published: March 2, 2022

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone), a transformation product of the rubber tire antioxidant 6PPD, has recently been identified as chemical responsible for urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon, with median lethal concentration (LC50) <0.1 μg/L. Subsequent studies have failed to confirm comparable sensitivity other fish species. Here, we investigated acute toxicity 6PPD-quinone rainbow trout, brook Arctic char, and white sturgeon. Fish were exposed under static renewal conditions, exposure concentrations verified analytically. Mortalities trout occurred between 1.2 20 h, while mortalities began after 7 h spanned 60 trout. The LC50s (24 h) (72 0.59 1.00 μg/L, respectively. Both species showed characteristic symptoms (increased ventilation, gasping, spiraling, loss equilibrium) shortly before death. No observed either char or sturgeon 96 at measured high 14.2 This is first study demonstrate fishes commercial, cultural, ecological importance environmentally relevant provides urgently needed information environmental risk assessments this contaminant emerging concern.

Language: Английский

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Abiotic oxidative transformation of 6-PPD and 6-PPD quinone from tires and occurrence of their products in snow from urban roads and in municipal wastewater

Water Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 118122 - 118122

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

The antiozonant N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) is added to tires increase their lifetime and emitted with tire road wear particles into the environment. Recently, one of its transformation products (TPs), 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ), has gained attention due toxicity towards coho salmon. In this study, abiotic oxidative investigated by a series ozonation experiments in lab followed analysis TPs using liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). A total 38 were detected tentatively identified, which formed either directly from or via 6-PPDQ as intermediate. suspect screening LC-HRMS showed 32 these occur snow collected urban roads surrogate road-runoff, where 6-PPDQ, 4-aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA), TP 213, 249 most prominent besides 6-PPD. More than 90% load was found particulate fraction snow. Thus, retaining runoff before discharge surface water would substantially reduce emission many TPs. Some prevailed phase higher polarity. 13 dissolved wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent. Their markedly enhanced during day snowmelt (approx. 1100 g/d) rainfall 2000 compared dry weather 190 g/d). contributed less 1% (estimated concentrations max 0.1 µg/L). elimination estimated loads related WWTP ranged 22 67% depending on conditions. Eventually 249, 4-ADPA 259_2 dominated effluent concentration 0.5 up 2 Thus are, likely, specific stable be determined

Language: Английский

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Concentrations of Tire Additive Chemicals and Tire Road Wear Particles in an Australian Urban Tributary

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 2421 - 2431

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Tire road wear particles (TRWPs) are one of the largest sources microplastics to urban environment with recent concerns as they also provide a pathway for additive chemicals leach into environment. Stormwater is major source TRWPs and associated additives surface water, including antioxidant derivative N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) demonstrating links aquatic toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. The present study used complementary analysis methods quantify both suite known tire (including 6PPD-quinone) an tributary in Australia during severe storm events. Concentrations increased more than 40 times storms, maximum concentration 2760 ng/L ∑15additives, 88 6PPD-quinone, similar profile observed each storm. were detected peaks between 6.4 18 mg/L, concentrations all highly correlated. Contaminant mass loads this catchment estimated up 100 g/storm 3 252 730 kg TRWPs/storm. While 6PPD-quinone lower previous studies, elevated post suggest prolonged exposure.

Language: Английский

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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 100612 - 100612

Published: March 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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First Report on the Occurrence of N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and 6PPD-Quinone as Pervasive Pollutants in Human Urine from South China

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1056 - 1062

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone derivative, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), have been found to be prevalent in the environment, but there are currently no data on their presence humans. Herein, we conducted first human biomonitoring study of 6PPD 6PPD-Q by measuring 150 urine samples collected from three different populations (general adults, children, pregnant women) South China. Both were detected samples, with detection frequencies between 60% 100%. Urinary concentrations significantly higher than those correlated well (p < 0.01), indicating coexposure In vitro metabolic experiments demonstrated rapid depletion liver microsomes, which should responsible for lower urine. Additionally, women exhibited apparently (median 0.068 2.91 ng/mL, respectively) did adults (0.018 0.40 ng/mL) children (0.015 0.076 ng/mL). The high daily urinary excretion was estimated 273 (ng/kg bw)/day. Considering that a lethal toxicant multiple aquatic species, potential health risks posed long-term exposure require urgent attention.

Language: Английский

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Concentration and leachability of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone transformation product (6PPD-Q) in road dust collected in Tokyo, Japan

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 119082 - 119082

Published: March 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Widespread Occurrence and Transport of p-Phenylenediamines and Their Quinones in Sediments across Urban Rivers, Estuaries, Coasts, and Deep-Sea Regions

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(6), P. 2393 - 2403

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely used as antioxidants in tire rubber, and their derived quinone transformation products (PPD-Qs) may pose a threat to marine ecosystems. A compelling example is N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD)-derived quinone, called 6PPD-Q, the causal toxicant for stormwater-linked acute mortality toward coho salmon. However, knowledge of co-occurrences PPDs PPD-Qs transport from freshwater oceanic waterbodies on large geographical scale remains unknown. Herein, we performed first large-scale survey these chemicals sediments across urban rivers, estuaries, coasts, deep-sea regions. Our results demonstrated that seven four ubiquitously present riverine, estuarine, coastal sediments, most them also occur sediments. The dominant concern were identified 6PPD 6PPD-Q. Total sedimentary concentrations presented clear spatial trend with decreasing levels rivers (medians: 39.7 15.2 ng/g) estuaries (14.0 5.85 then coasts (9.47 2.97 regions (5.24 3.96 ng/g). Interestingly, variation ratios 6PPD-Q (R6PPD/6PPD-Q) trend. field measurements implied riverine outflows be an important route rubber-derived open oceans.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and risks of 23 tire additives and their transformation products in an urban water system

Environment International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 107715 - 107715

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Tire wear particles (TWPs) enter road surface with the friction between tires and surfaces. Under volatilization, leaching, transformation action on TWPs by sunlight rain, tire additives are released into urban water systems, such as rainfall runoff, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), receiving waters, drinking plant (DWTP). In this study, we investigated occurrence of 23 their products in system Pearl River Delta region, South China. Nineteen target compounds were detected 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) showing highest maximum concentration 58780 ng/L. Benzothiazole its at frequency 100 % total concentrations 480-42160 The antioxidant derivative N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) was also up to 1562 ng/L, which considerably higher than that parent compound 6PPD (the 7.52 ng/L). Eleven 8 WWTPs influents effluents, respectively, removal rates - 62-100 %. Seventeen Zhujiang Dongjiang rivers, while 9 sources DWTP samples. Road 79200 is suggested main non-point source for effluents point due incomplete after accepting initial runoff. 6PPD-Q other 10 displayed median high ecological risks human daily intake estimated be 2.63 ×

Language: Английский

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Beyond Substituted p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants: Prevalence of Their Quinone Derivatives in PM_2.5

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(15), P. 10629 - 10637

Published: July 14, 2022

Substituted para-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants have been extensively used to retard oxidative degradation of tire rubber and were found pervade multiple environmental compartments. However, there is a paucity research on the occurrences their transformation products. In this study, we revealed co-occurrence six PPD-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) along with eight PPDs in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from two Chinese megacities, which N,N′-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine quinone (77PD-Q) was identified quantified for first time. Prevalent these emerging PPD-Qs Taiyuan (5.59–8480 pg/m3) Guangzhou (3.61–4490 pg/m3). Significantly higher levels PPDs/PPD-Qs observed at roadside site, implying possible contribution vehicle emissions. Correlation analysis implied potential consistencies fate suggested that most them originated parent PPDs. For different subpopulation groups under exposure scenarios, estimated daily intakes (0.16–1.25 ng kgbw–1 day–1) comparable those (0.19–1.41 day–1), suggesting an important but overlooked caused by novel PPD-Qs. Given prolonged derivatives traffic-relevant occupations, further investigations toxicological epidemiological effects are necessary.

Language: Английский

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Analysis, environmental occurrence, fate and potential toxicity of tire wear compounds 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 452, P. 131245 - 131245

Published: March 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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