Environmental exposure disparities in ultrafine particles and PM2.5 by urbanicity and socio-demographics in New York state, 2013–2020 DOI Creative Commons
Arshad Arjunan Nair, Shao Lin, Gan Luo

et al.

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239, P. 117246 - 117246

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

The spatiotemporal and demographic disparities in exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP; number concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤0.1 μm), a key subcomponent fine aerosols (PM2.5; mass PM ≤ 2.5 have not been well studied. To quantify compare the aerosol pollutant for UFP PM2.5 by socio-demographic factors New York State (NYS). Ambient atmospheric were quantified using global three-dimensional model chemical transport state-of-the-science microphysical processes validated extensively observations. We matched these U.S. census data varied spatial scales (state, county, county subdivision) derived population-weighted estimates. Aerosol each socioeconomic (SES) indicator, focus on race-ethnicity income, period 2013–2020. average NYS resident was exposed 4451 #·cm−3 7.87 μg m−3 p.m.2.5 2013–2020, but minority groups invariably greater daily pollution (UFP: +75.0% & PM2.5: +16.2%). has increased since 2017 is temporally seasonally out-of-phase PM2.5. Race-ethnicity declined over time; −6% from 2013 plateaued thereafter despite its decreasing concentrations. In contrast, (+12.5–13.5%) UFP. highest low-income minorities more amplified than identified large urbanization level socio-demographics residents. Jurisdictions higher proportions minorities, residents, disproportionately other These much larger, disproportionate, unabating time compared across various income strata levels urbanicity.

Language: Английский

Historical Redlining Is Associated with Disparities in Environmental Quality across California DOI Creative Commons
Cesar O. Estien, Christine E. Wilkinson, Rachel Morello‐Frosch

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 54 - 59

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Historical policies have been shown to underpin environmental quality. In the 1930s, federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) developed most comprehensive archive of neighborhoods that would redlined by local lenders and Federal Housing Administration, often applying racist criteria. Our study explored how redlining is associated with quality across eight California cities. We integrated HOLC’s graded maps [grades A (i.e., “best” “greenlined”), B, C, D “hazardous” “redlined”)] 10 hazards using data from 2018 2021 quantify spatial overlap among hazards. found formerly poorer relative those other HOLC grades via higher pollution, more noise, less vegetation, elevated temperatures. Additionally, we intraurban disparities were consistently worse for hazards, having pollution burdens (77% vs 18% greenlined neighborhoods), noise (72% 18%), vegetation (86% 12%), temperature 20%), than their respective city’s average. findings highlight redlining, a policy abolished in 1968, remains an justice concern shaping Californian urban neighborhoods.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Air quality, health and equity implications of electrifying heavy-duty vehicles DOI Creative Commons
Sara F Camilleri, Anastasia Montgomery, Maxime Visa

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1643 - 1653

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Abstract Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) disproportionately contribute to the creation of air pollutants and emission greenhouse gases—with marginalized populations unequally burdened by impacts each. Shifting non-emitting technologies, such as electric HDVs (eHDVs), is underway; however, associated quality health implications have not been resolved at equity-relevant scales. Here we use a neighbourhood-scale (~1 km) model evaluate pollution, public equity 30% transition predominantly diesel eHDVs over region surrounding North America’s largest freight hub, Chicago, IL. We find decreases in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 concentrations but ozone (O 3 increases, particularly urban settings. Over our simulation domain NO PM reductions translate ~590 (95% confidence interval (CI) 150–900) ~70 CI 20–110) avoided premature deaths per year, respectively, while O increases add ~50 30–110) year. The pollutant benefits simulated are within communities with higher proportions Black Hispanic/Latino residents, highlighting potential for reduce disproportionate unjust pollution air-pollution attributable burdens historically populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Equity and modeling in sustainability science: Examples and opportunities throughout the process DOI Creative Commons
Amanda Giang,

Morgan R. Edwards,

Sarah Fletcher

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(13)

Published: March 18, 2024

Equity is core to sustainability, but current interventions enhance sustainability often fall short in adequately addressing this linkage. Models are important tools for informing action, and their development use present opportunities center equity process outcomes. This Perspective highlights progress integrating into systems modeling science, as well key challenges, tensions, future directions. We a conceptual framework modeling, focused on its distributional, procedural, recognitional dimensions. discuss examples of how modelers engage with these different dimensions throughout the from across range approaches topics, including water resources, energy systems, air quality, conservation. Synthesizing examples, we identify significant advances enhancing procedural by reframing models explore pluralism worldviews knowledge systems; enabling better represent distributional inequity through new computational techniques data sources; investigating dynamics that can drive inequities linking approaches; developing more nuanced metrics assessing also directions, such an increased focus using pathways transform underlying conditions lead move toward desired futures. By looking at diverse fields within argue there valuable mutual learning effectively support sustainable equitable

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Air pollution exposure disparities across age groups in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2010 to 2020 DOI
Lili Wang, Yichen Wang,

Quanbao Jiang

et al.

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 367, P. 125621 - 125621

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Air quality equity in US climate policy DOI Creative Commons
Pascal Polonik, Katharine Ricke,

Sean Reese

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(26)

Published: June 20, 2023

The United States government has indicated a desire to advance environmental justice through climate policy. As fossil fuel combustion produces both conventional pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mitigation strategies may provide an opportunity address historical inequities in air pollution exposure. To test the impact of policy implementation choices on quality equity, we develop broad range GHG reduction scenarios that are each consistent with US Paris Accord target model resulting changes. Using idealized decision criteria, show least cost income-based emission reductions can exacerbate disparities for communities color. With suite randomized experiments facilitates exploration wider space, largely persist despite declines average exposure, but reducing transportation emissions most potential reduce racial inequities.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
The inequity of urban green space availability between urban villages and residential quarters: An empirical study in Shenzhen, China DOI
Chao Xu,

Qianyuan Huang,

Meirong Su

et al.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 448, P. 141704 - 141704

Published: March 7, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
All-Cause NO2-Attributable Mortality Burden and Associated Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the United States DOI Creative Commons
Sara F Camilleri, Gaige Hunter Kerr, Susan C. Anenberg

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1159 - 1164

Published: Nov. 7, 2023

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a regulated pollutant that associated with numerous health impacts. Recent advances in epidemiology indicate high confidence linking NO2 exposure increased mortality, an association recent studies suggest persists even at concentrations below regulatory thresholds. While large disparities among population subgroups have been reported, U.S. NO2-attributable mortality rates and their remain unquantified. Here we provide the first estimate of all-cause across contiguous (CONUS) census tract-level. We leverage fine-scale, satellite-informed, land use regression model tract-level baseline data to characterize different racial/ethnic subgroups. Across CONUS, ∼170,850 (95% interval: 43,970, 251,330) premature deaths yr-1 variability tracts within individual cities. Additionally, find higher underlying susceptibilities for predominately Black communities lead are ∼47% compared CONUS-wide average rates. Our results highlight substantial burden, particularly marginalized communities, motivate adoption more stringent standards protect public health.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Spatial Decomposition of Air Pollution Concentrations Highlights Historical Causes for Current Exposure Disparities in the United States DOI Creative Commons
Jiawen Liu, Julian Marshall

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 280 - 286

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Racial–ethnic disparities in exposure to air pollution the United States (US) are well documented. Studies on causes of these highlight unequal systems power and longstanding systemic racism─for example, redlining, white flight, racial covenants─which reinforced segregation wealth gaps which concentrated polluting land uses communities color. Our analysis is based empirical estimates ambient concentrations for two important pollutants (NO2 PM2.5). We show that spatially decomposed can be used infer quantify types root local- national-scale disparities. Urban-scale yet reflects less than half overall national Other historical include those led current populations Black, Asian, Hispanic Americans live larger cities; outcomes consistent with, greater economic opportunity large cities, land-takings from non-White farmers, racism homesteading between-state migration. results suggest contemporary US reflect a broad set mechanisms─including racist laws actions include, but also extend beyond, urban-scale aspects─and offer first attempt their relative importance.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Distributional impacts of fleet-wide change in light duty transportation: mortality risks of PM2.5 emissions from electric vehicles and Tier 3 conventional vehicles DOI Creative Commons
Madalsa Singh, Christopher W. Tessum, Julian Marshall

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 034034 - 034034

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract Light-duty transportation continues to be a significant source of air pollutants that cause premature mortality and greenhouse gases (GHGs) lead climate change. We assess PM 2.5 emissions its health consequences under large-scale shift electric vehicles (EVs) or Tier-3 internal combustion (ICVs) across the United States, focusing on implications by states for fifty most populous metropolitan statistical areas (MSA). find both ICVs EVs reduce 80%–93% compared current light-duty vehicle fleet. The mitigation benefits electrification are larger in West Northeast. As grid decarbonizes further, will yield even higher from reduced pollution GHG than gasoline vehicles. lower damages almost all 50 MSA ICVs. Distributional analysis suggests relying fleet moving would impact people color more White Americans states, levels urbanization, household income, suggesting is suited disparities. also simulate future cleaner assuming power plants nation have highest amount annual SO 2 retired retrofitted with carbon capture storage, finding case, becomes best strategy reducing states.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Air Pollution Inequality in the Denver Metroplex and its Relationship to Historical Redlining DOI Creative Commons
Alexander C. Bradley, Bart E. Croes, Colin Harkins

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Prior studies have shown that people of color (POC) in the United States are exposed to higher levels pollution than non-Hispanic White people. We show city Denver, Colorado, displays similar race- and ethnicity-based air disparities by using a combination high-resolution satellite data, modeling, historical demographic information, areal apportionment techniques. TROPOMI NO2 columns modeled PM2.5 concentrations from 2019 communities subject redlining. calculated compared Spearman coefficients for pollutants race at census tract level every underwent redlining contextualize Denver. find location polluting infrastructure leads populations POC living near point sources, including 40% Hispanic Latino populations. This influences distribution, with annual average surface 6.5 μg m–3 tracts 0–5% 7.5 60–65% Traffic analysis emission inventory data more likely live busy highways. Unequal spatial distribution sources allowed persist despite attempts rectify them. Finally, we identify core causes provide direction remediation.

Language: Английский

Citations

5