Evaporation of an aerosol plume from an inkjet printhead DOI Creative Commons
Xavier Lefebvre, Étienne Robert

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Abstract The size of aerosol droplets is a critical factor in evaluating the risks associated with airborne pathogen transmission, yet it highly variable due to evaporation. Additionally, close proximity water within an plume can slow their evaporation, thereby further complicating risk assessments. To investigate these complexities, versatile experimental setup was developed using XAAR XJ128 inkjet printhead generate 50 μm diameter for detailed evaporation characterization plume. droplet process monitored via Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA), which provided distribution and velocity measurements at various positions along vertical axis falling droplets. These results were compared theoretical model isolated quiescent air. Droplet number density significantly influenced measured rates plume, originally relative humidity 30%, comparable under 60-80% when nearly all nozzles active. effect on also analytically evaluated. Notably, complete this configuration could theoretically increase up 89% locally used, while about one-third resulted local 33%. insights underscore importance investigating dynamics context transmission. use demonstrates its significant potential generating controlled offering promising avenue future research area.

Language: Английский

Toward Standardized Aerovirology: A Critical Review of Existing Results and Methodologies DOI
Robert Groth, Sadegh Niazi, Henry P. Oswin

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(8), P. 3595 - 3608

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Understanding the airborne survival of viruses is important for public health and epidemiological modeling potentially to develop mitigation strategies minimize transmission pathogens. Laboratory experiments typically involve investigating effects environmental parameters on viability or infectivity a target virus. However, conflicting results among studies are common. Herein, 34 aerovirology were compared identify links between compositional viruses. While specific experimental apparatus was not factor in variability reported results, it determined that procedure major contributed discrepancies results. The most significant contributor poorly defined initial viable virus concentration aerosol phase, causing many measure rapid inactivation, which occurs quickly after particle generation, leading Consistently, measured their reference minutes aerosolization higher at subsequent times, indicates there an loss captured these studies. composition particles carry also found be viruses; however, mechanisms this effect unknown. Temperature aerosol-phase viability, but lack directly compare temperature phase bulk phase. There need repeated measurements different research groups under identical conditions both assess degree attempt better understand already published data. Lack standardization has hindered ability quantify differences studies, we provide recommendations future These as follows: measuring using "direct method"; use equipment maximizes time resolution; all losses appropriately; perform, least, 5- 10-min sample, if possible; report clearly suspension; gas throughout experiment. Implementing will address oversights existing literature produce data can more easily quantitatively compared.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The aerobiological pathway of natural respiratory viral aerosols DOI Creative Commons
Joshua L. Santarpia, Jonathan P. Reid, Chang‐Yu Wu

et al.

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 117557 - 117557

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Aerosols generated from the human respiratory tract containing infectious virus can be challenging to measure due a number of factors that impact infectivity they contain. These include limitations in understanding aerosol composition, chemical processes change composition and infectivity, effects collection process. The aerobiological pathway represents framework understand how influencing these particles collectively contribute overall their potential infectiousness. Here, is used highlight areas research could improve natural viral hazards. In particular, an improved required biological phase composition. findings will also invaluable airborne detection.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Comparison of aerosol spectrometers : Accounting for evaporation and sampling losses DOI Creative Commons
Xavier Lefebvre, Antonella Succar, Émilie Bédard

et al.

Measurement Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 045301 - 045301

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Measuring aerosol size distribution with precision is critical to understand the transmission of pathogens causing respiratory illnesses and identify risk mitigation strategies. It however a challenging task as pathogen-carrying particles evolves over time due evaporation. Although measurement techniques well established in field science are often used characterize bioaerosols, their performance seldom assessed respect evaporation deposition sampling lines. Four instruments providing were compared using oil water-based particles. They each rely on different principles: phase doppler anemometry, light scattering, electrical mobility aerodynamic impaction. Size distributions oil-based showed consistency across instruments, but significant discrepancies arose for undergoing These larger differences result from both particle transit between point inside instrument. Phase anemometry was best suited precise measurement, it eliminates need line, thereby preventing loss or during transit. With this instrument reference, empirical correction factors derived dimensionless numbers experimental data, enabling quantitative assessment bioaerosol instruments. To obtain at source generation, complete drying salt solution performed. Using technique accounting losses, can reliably provide information allow thorough context airborne transmission.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Relative Humidity-Dependent Phase Transitions in Submicron Respiratory Aerosols DOI

Angel M. Gibbons,

Paul E. Ohno

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128(15), P. 3015 - 3023

Published: April 9, 2024

Respiratory viruses, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, represent a substantial public health burden are largely transmitted through droplets aerosols. Environmental factors relative humidity (RH) temperature impact virus transmission rates, precise mechanistic understanding of the connection between these environmental would improve efforts to mitigate disease transmission. Previous studies on supermicrometer particles observed RH-dependent phase transitions linked particle state viability. Phase in atmospheric aerosols dependent size submicrometer range, actual expelled over large including that can transmit diseases long distances. Here, we directly investigated model A probe molecule, Nile red, was added systems multiple mucin/salt mixtures, growth medium, simulated lung fluid. For each system, polarity-dependent fluorescence emission measured following RH conditioning. Notably, measurements mucin/NaCl Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium indicated liquid–liquid separation (LLPS) also occurs submicron particles, suggesting LLPS viability viruses thus affect aerosol Furthermore, utility fluorescence-based study physicochemical properties situ is demonstrated.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Impact of organic compounds on the stability of influenza A virus in deposited 1-μL droplets DOI Creative Commons
Aline Schaub, Shannon C. David, Irina Glas

et al.

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(9)

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

ABSTRACT The composition of respiratory fluids influences the stability viruses in exhaled aerosol particles and droplets, though role organics modulating virus remains poorly understood. This study investigates effect organic compounds on influenza A (IAV) deposited droplets. We compare infectivity loss IAV at different relative humidities (RHs) over course 1 h 1-µL droplets consisting phosphate-buffered saline (without organics), synthetic lung fluid, or nasal mucus (both containing organics). show that increases with increasing organic:salt ratios. Among various species, proteins are identified as most protective component, smaller stabilizing more efficiently same mass concentration. Organics act by both efflorescence RH shortening drying period until a given RH. research advances our mechanistic understanding how stabilize thus influence their inactivation IMPORTANCE affects Understanding is important it impacts spread we can combat them. focus investigate found fluid protect from inactivation. demonstrate ratio to salt an indicator stability. organics, small particularly effective protecting IAV. Their part explained proteins’ crystallization salts thereby shielding prolonged exposure harmful concentrations. these mechanisms helps us grasp sustain time contributing efforts controlling infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Optimal environmental sampling conditions for electrostatic aerosol-to-hydrosol collection of airborne viruses DOI
Amin Piri, Milad Massoudifarid, Jungho Hwang

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 478, P. 135491 - 135491

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Seasonal influenza viruses decay more rapidly at intermediate humidity in droplets containing saliva compared to respiratory mucus DOI Creative Commons
Nicole C. Rockey, Valerie Le Sage, Linsey C. Marr

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract Expulsions of virus-laden aerosols or droplets are an important source onward respiratory virus transmission and can originate from both the oral nasal cavity infected host. However, presence infectious influenza in during infection has not been widely considered, thus little work explored environmental persistence expulsions that may facilitate transmission. Using ferret model, we detected cavities, suggesting be expelled into environment either anatomical site. We also assessed stability two A viruses (H1N1 H3N2) human saliva mucus over a range relative humidities. observed infectivity decays rapidly at intermediate humidity, while airway surface liquid retain infectivity. Virus inactivation was associated with bulk protein content, salt droplet drying time. Instead, found exhibited distinct kinetics wet dry phases humidity residue morphology lead to elevated first-order rate phase. Additionally, differences crystalline structure nanobead localization were between droplets. Together, our demonstrates different fluids exhibit unique profiles suggests contribute low high environments. Importance Determining how persist is for mitigating risk. Expelled composed fluids, including complex mixtures, but survive such largely unknown. Here, find present ferrets, saliva-containing play role degrades more than within mucus. Droplet composition impacts dried These results suggest sites tract could have variable environment, which will impact viral fitness.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Impact of Organic Compounds on the Stability of Influenza A Virus in deposited 1-ul droplets DOI Creative Commons
Aline Schaub, Shannon C. David, Irina Glas

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 21, 2024

The composition of respiratory fluids influences the stability viruses in exhaled aerosol particles and droplets, though role organics modulating virus remains poorly understood. This study investigates effect organic compounds on influenza A (IAV) deposited droplets. We compare infectivity loss IAV at different relative humidities (RH) over course one hour 1-ul droplets consisting phosphate-buffered saline (without organics), synthetic lung fluid, or nasal mucus (both containing organics). show that increases with increasing organic:salt ratios. Among various species, proteins are identified as most protective component, smaller stabilizing more efficiently same mass concentration. Organics act by both efflorescence RH shortening drying period until a given RH. research advances our mechanistic understanding how stabilize thus influence their inactivation

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Response to Comment on “Size-Resolved Elemental Composition of Respiratory Particles in Three Healthy Subjects” DOI Creative Commons
Linsey C. Marr, Zezhen Cheng, Weinan Leng

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 767 - 769

Published: June 25, 2024

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTResponse to Comment on "Size-Resolved Elemental Composition of Respiratory Particles in Three Healthy Subjects"Linsey C. Marr*Linsey MarrDepartment Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, United States*[email protected]More by Linsey Marrhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-6891, Zezhen ChengZezhen ChengEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Richland, Washington 99354, StatesMore Chenghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-4519, Weinan LengWeinan LengDepartment Leng, Swarup ChinaSwarup ChinaEnvironmental Chinahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-335X, Aaron J. Prussin IIAaron Prussin, IIDepartment IIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-8537Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2024, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):June 25, 2024Publication History Received17 June 2024Accepted20 2024Published online25 2024https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00484https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00484article-commentaryACS Publications© 2024 The Authors. Published American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0. License Summary*You are free share (copy redistribute) this article any medium or format adapt (remix, transform, build upon) the material for purpose, even commercially within parameters below:Creative Commons (CC): a Creative license.Attribution (BY): Credit must be given creator.View full license*DisclaimerThis summary highlights only some key features terms actual license. It not license has no legal value. Carefully review before using these materials. Open Access indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views COUNTER-compliant sum text downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing article, calculated Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score quantitative measure attention that research received online. Clicking donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookXWechatLinked InRedditEmail (1020 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Computer simulations,Elements,Liquids,Nanoparticles,Particles e-Alerts

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comment on “Size-Resolved Elemental Composition of Respiratory Particles in Three Healthy Subjects” DOI Creative Commons
Steven C. Hill, D. Doughty

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 765 - 766

Published: June 25, 2024

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTComment on "Size-Resolved Elemental Composition of Respiratory Particles in Three Healthy Subjects"Steven C. Hill*Steven HillU.S. Army DEVCOM Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States*[email protected]More by Steven Hillhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7217-1795 and David Doughty*David DoughtyU.S. DoughtyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2024, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):June 25, 2024Publication History Received29 March 2024Accepted20 June 2024Revised15 April 2024Published online25 2024https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00243https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00243article-commentaryACS PublicationsNot subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2024 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms Use. Request reuse permissions free access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing article, calculated Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence for given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookXWechatLinked InRedditEmail (717 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Aerosols,Carbon,Elements,Liquids,Polymer particles e-Alerts

Language: Английский

Citations

0