Microbial Glycoside Hydrolases in the First Year of Life: An Analysis Review on Their Presence and Importance in Infant Gut DOI Creative Commons
Athanasia Ioannou, Jan Knol, Clara Belzer

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 28, 2021

The first year of life is a crucial period during which the composition and functionality gut microbiota develop to stabilize resemble that adults. Throughout this process, has been found contribute maturation immune system, in gastrointestinal physiology, cognitive advancement metabolic regulation. Breastfeeding, “golden standard infant nutrition,” cornerstone period, not only for its direct effect but also due indirect through modulation microbiota. Human milk known contain indigestible carbohydrates, termed human oligosaccharides (HMOs), are utilized by intestinal microorganisms. Bacteria degrade HMOs like Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis , bifidum breve dominate breastfeeding. A number carbohydrate active enzymes have identified gut, thus supporting hypothesis these bacteria able HMOs. It suggested via resource-sharing cross-feeding, initial utilization drives interplay within microbial communities. This pronounced importance since communities promote healthy development some their species persist adult microbiome. emerging production accessibility metagenomic data make it increasingly possible unravel capacity entire ecosystems. Such insights can increase understanding how infants assembled makes target support growth. In manuscript, we discuss co-occurrence function relevant HMO life, based on publicly available data. We compare enzyme profiles breastfed children throughout those formula-fed infants.

Language: Английский

Next generation probiotics: Engineering live biotherapeutics DOI
Sanjeeva Kumar Murali, Thomas J. Mansell

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 108336 - 108336

Published: March 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond DOI
Cathy Lordan, Aoife K. Roche,

Dianne J. Delsing

et al.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

SUMMARY Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, confer a multitude benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among earliest gut colonizers breast-fed infants, have adapted functional capacity metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed infant-associated bifidobacteria, opposed bifidobacteria associated with mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these well certain other taxa able assimilate HMOs, including mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by utilization breakdown products released from degradation. Interest HMO-mediated changes microbial composition function focal point numerous studies, times fueled availability individual biosynthetic some now commonly included formula. this review, we outline main assimilatory catabolic employed discuss that exhibit glycan degradation capacity, cover HMO-supported cross-feeding related metabolites described thus far.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions DOI Creative Commons

Harold Núñez,

Pamela A. Nieto,

Ruben A. T. Mars

et al.

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during first three years life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances establishment process may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes this critical period life as well factors that affect development. Based on and animal data, we conclude early-life a determinant long-term impacting physiological, metabolic, processes. field faces challenges. Some challenges are technical, such lack standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, outdated sequencing technologies. Other methodological: small sample sizes, longitudinal studies, poor control confounding variables. To address limitations, advocate more robust research methodologies better understand microbiome's health disease. Improved methods will lead reliable studies deeper understanding impact outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Clinical Evaluation of 16-Week Supplementation with 5HMO-Mix in Healthy-Term Human Infants to Determine Tolerability, Safety, and Effect on Growth DOI Open Access

Katja Parschat,

Cathrine Melsæther,

Kristina Rasch Jäpelt

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2871 - 2871

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars that occur naturally in human breast and provide many beneficial functions. Most formula products lack HMOs or contain only the most abundant HMO, 2'-fucosyllactose; however, benefits of come from multiple sugars. We therefore developed a mixture five (5HMO-Mix) mimicking natural concentrations top (5.75 g/L total, comprising 52% 2'-fucosyllactose, 13% 3-fucosyllactose, 26% lacto-N-tetraose, 4% 3'-sialyllactose, 5% 6'-sialyllactose) representing groups neutral, neutral-fucosylated, sialylated HMOs. conducted first multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical study assessing safety, tolerability, effect on growth containing 5HMO-Mix healthy infants. enrolled 341 subjects aged ≤14 days; 225 were randomized into fed either with infant without (IF) for 4 months, others exclusively breastfed. There no differences weight, length, head circumference gain between two groups. The was well tolerated, breastfed infants producing softer stools at higher stool frequency than control group. Adverse events equivalent all conclude 5.75 is safe tolerated by term during months life.

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Intestinal Microbiota as a Contributor to Chronic Inflammation and Its Potential Modifications DOI Open Access
Marta Potrykus,

Sylwia Czaja-Stolc,

Marta Stankiewicz

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 3839 - 3839

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

The gut microbiota is a crucial factor in maintaining homeostasis. presence of commensal microorganisms leads to the stimulation immune system and its maturation. In turn, dysbiosis with an impaired intestinal barrier accelerated contact host’s cells. Microbial structural parts, i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as flagellin (FLG), peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce inflammation via activation pattern recognition receptors. metabolites can also develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which cause many metabolic diseases. This article aims systematize information on influence benefits modification through dietary changes, prebiotics, probiotic intake. Scientific research indicates that various disease states reduce improve profile. However, since there no for healthy microbiota, optimal way modify it. methods influencing should be adapted type dysbiosis. Although are studies effects this subject still relatively unknown, more needed area.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Untangling human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiome DOI Creative Commons
A Masi, Christopher J. Stewart

iScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 103542 - 103542

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

The developing gut microbiome in infancy plays a key role shaping the host immune system and metabolic state, human milk is main factor influencing its composition. Human does not only serve to feed baby, but also help new-born adapt new environment microbial exposures. protects infant by providing multiple bioactive molecules, including oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are third most abundant solid component after lipids lactose. unable digest HMOs, so they reach small large intestines intact where have many roles, acting as prebiotics. Bifidobacterium spp. main, only, commensals equipped with genes for HMO degradation. In this review we will outline HMOs structures functions, list needed their digestion, describe strategies adopted bacteria utilization.

Language: Английский

Citations

66
Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: From basic science to clinical evidence DOI Creative Commons
Norbert Sprenger, Hanne L. P. Tytgat, Aristea Binia

et al.

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 280 - 299

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been researched by scientists for over 100 years, driven the substantial evidence nutritional and health benefits of mother's milk. Yet research has truly bloomed during last decade, thanks to progress in biotechnology, which allowed production large amounts bona fide HMOs. The availability HMOs particularly crucial renewed interest HMO because low abundance or even absence farmed animal This is reflected increasing number original publications reviews on Here, we provide an overview critical discussion structure-function relations that highlight why they are such interesting important components human Clinical observations breastfed infants backed basic from models guidance as what physiological roles be expected. From evidence-based nutrition viewpoint, discuss current data supporting clinical relevance specific based randomised placebo-controlled intervention trials formula-fed infants.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum alone or in multi-strain probiotic formulations during early life and beyond DOI Creative Commons
Susan Mills, Bo Yang,

Graeme Smith

et al.

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 10, 2023

The significance of Bifidobacterium to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization the neonatal gut, where longum represents most abundant species. While relative abundance declines with age, it is further reduced in several diseases. Research into beneficial properties B. has unveiled a range mechanisms, including production bioactive molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and serine protease inhibitors. From intestinal niche, have far-reaching effects body influencing immune responses lungs even skin, well brain activity. In this review, we present biological clinical impacts species on conditions beginning life beyond. available scientific evidence reveals strong rationale for continued research trials that investigate ability treat or prevent diseases across lifespan.

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Nondigestible Functional Oligosaccharides: Enzymatic Production and Food Applications for Intestinal Health DOI Creative Commons
Shaoqing Yang, Chenxuan Wu, Qiaojuan Yan

et al.

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 297 - 322

Published: March 27, 2023

Nondigestible functional oligosaccharides are of particular interest in recent years because their unique prebiotic activities, technological characteristics, and physiological effects. Among different types strategies for the production nondigestible oligosaccharides, enzymatic methods preferred owing to predictability controllability structure composition reaction products. have been proved show excellent effects as well other benefits intestinal health. They exhibited great application potential food ingredients various products with improved quality physicochemical characteristics. This article reviews research progress on several typical industry, including galacto-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides, human milk oligosaccharides. Moreover, properties activities discussed contributions health applications foods.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Molecular strategies for the utilisation of human milk oligosaccharides by infant gut-associated bacteria DOI Creative Commons
L.J. Kiely,

Kizkitza Busca,

Jonathan A. Lane

et al.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(6)

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Abstract A number of bacterial species are found in high abundance the faeces healthy breast-fed infants, an occurrence that is understood to be, at least part, due ability these bacteria metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs third most abundant component after lactose and lipids, represent complex sugars which possess unique structural diversity resistant infant gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, reach distal intestine intact, thereby serving as a fermentable substrate for specific intestinal microbes, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, especially infant-associated Bifidobacterium spp. help shape gut microbiome. Bacteria utilising equipped with genes associated their degradation carbohydrate-active enzymes known glycoside hydrolase have been identified gut, supports this hypothesis. The resulting degraded can also be used growth substrates other present microbe-microbe interaction ‘cross-feeding’. This review describes current knowledge on HMO metabolism by particular gut-associated bacteria, many currently commercial probiotics, distinct strategies employed individual utilisation.

Language: Английский

Citations

26