Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 17, 2023

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human and act tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, weight, gestational age mode of delivery. HMOs improve gastrointestinal barrier also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens epithelial barrier, creates immunomodulatory metabolites. fulfil variety physiologic functions including potential support to immune system, brain development, cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula is safe promotes healthy development revealing benefits for microbiota composition infection prevention. Because limited data comparing effect non-human HMOs, it not known if offer an additional clinical benefit over oligosaccharides. Better knowledge factors influencing their will help understand short- long-term benefits.

Language: Английский

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High-Throughput Glycomic Methods

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(20), P. 15865 - 15913

Published: July 7, 2022

Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of glycome, complete set oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well genes other factors that govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust, sensitive, potentially automatable analytical technologies for analysis hundreds thousands glycomes timely manner (termed high-throughput glycomics). review provides historic overview highlights recent developments challenges glycomic profiling by most prominent approaches, with N-glycosylation focal point. It describes current state-of-the-art regarding levels characterization widely used technologies, selected applications glycomics deciphering glycosylation process healthy disease states, future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: From basic science to clinical evidence

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 280 - 299

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been researched by scientists for over 100 years, driven the substantial evidence nutritional and health benefits of mother's milk. Yet research has truly bloomed during last decade, thanks to progress in biotechnology, which allowed production large amounts bona fide HMOs. The availability HMOs particularly crucial renewed interest HMO because low abundance or even absence farmed animal This is reflected increasing number original publications reviews on Here, we provide an overview critical discussion structure-function relations that highlight why they are such interesting important components human Clinical observations breastfed infants backed basic from models guidance as what physiological roles be expected. From evidence-based nutrition viewpoint, discuss current data supporting clinical relevance specific based randomised placebo-controlled intervention trials formula-fed infants.

Language: Английский

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Butyrate Differentiates Permissiveness to Clostridioides difficile Infection and Influences Growth of Diverse C. difficile Isolates

Infection and Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 91(2)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in humans, and it imposes tremendous burden on the health care system. Current treatments for C. infection (CDI) include antibiotics fecal microbiota transplant, which contribute to recurrent CDIs face major regulatory hurdles, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Early-life differences in the gut microbiota composition and functionality of infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 13, 2023

Abstract Evidence from cross-sectional human studies, and preliminary microbial-based intervention have implicated the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a prospective longitudinal study design, we investigated developmental profile fecal microbiota metabolome infants with ( n = 16) without 19) family history ASD across first 36 months life. In addition, general levels were evaluated using Mullen Scales Early Learning (MSEL) test at 5 age, ADOS-2 age. At elevated-likelihood (EL) harbored less Bifidobacterium more Clostridium Klebsiella species compared to low-likelihood (LL). Untargeted metabolic profiling highlighted that LL excreted greater amount γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) months, which progressively declined Similar age-dependent patterns not observed EL group, GABA being consistently low all timepoints. Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis showed positive correlation between negative associations species. vitro experiments supported these observations demonstrating bifidobacteria can produce while clostridia consume it. behavioral level, there no significant differences groups months. However, group had significantly lower MSEL scores group. Taken together, present results reveal early life alterations gut composition functionality ASD. These changes occur before any impairments be detected, supporting possible role for emerging variability later

Language: Английский

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3′-Sialyllactose protects against LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting superoxide-mediated ERK1/2/STAT1 activation and HMGB1/RAGE axis

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 122410 - 122410

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Minimizing acetate formation from overflow metabolism in Escherichia coli: comparison of genetic engineering strategies to improve robustness toward sugar gradients in large-scale fermentation processes

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Introduction: Escherichia coli , a well characterized workhorse in biotechnology, has been used to produce many recombinant proteins and metabolites, but have major drawback its tendency revert overflow metabolism. This phenomenon occurs when excess sugar triggers the production of mainly acetate under aerobic conditions, detrimental by-product that reduces carbon efficiency, increases cell maintenance, ultimately inhibits growth. Although this can be prevented by controlled feeding source limit availability, gradients commercial-scale bioreactors still induce it otherwise carbon-limited cells. While underlying mechanisms extensively studied, these mostly non-limited cultures. In contrast, industrial typically employs processes, which results substantially different physiology. Objective: The objective study was evaluate compare efficiency metabolic engineering strategies with aim reduce metabolism increase robustness an 2’- O -fucosyllactose producing strain industrially relevant conditions. Methods: Three distinct were compared: i) alterations pathways leading from acetate, ii) increased flux towards tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, iii) reduced glucose uptake rate. engineered strains evaluated for growth, formation, product yield non-limiting batch limited fed-batch after pulse mode. Results Discussion: findings demonstrated blockage deletion pta poxB genes or into TCA cycle overexpression gltA iclR genes, efficient ways accumulation. Surprisingly, rate did not formation despite having previously shown as very effective strategy. Interestingly, most way accumulation cultures, whereas disruption more cultures exposed sudden shock. Strains both showed tolerance during growth indicating feasible engineer E. enhanced robustness.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Studies on the Supplementation of Manufactured Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 3622 - 3622

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk. They associated with multiple health benefits and manufactured on large scale for their addition to different food products. In this systematic review, we evaluate the outcomes published clinical trials involving supplementation HMOs. We screened PubMed database Cochrane Library, identifying 26 relevant five publications describing follow-up studies. The varied in study populations, including healthy term infants, infants medical indications, children, adults. tested eight HMO structures individually or as blends varying doses. All included safety tolerance assessments, some also assessed growth, stool characteristics, infections, gut microbiome composition, microbial metabolites, biomarkers. studies consistently found that was safe well tolerated. Infant reported shift towards those observed breastfed intestinal immune markers. Beneficial system effects have been other populations following supplementation. Further needed substantiate understand structure dose dependency.

Language: Английский

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An Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modifies the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(14), P. 11422 - 11422

Published: July 13, 2023

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a prevalent food among infants and young children. We conducted randomized, multicenter intervention study involving 194 non-breastfed with CMPA until 12 months of age (clinical trial registration: NCT03085134). One exploratory objective was to assess the effects whey-based extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) supplemented 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) on fecal microbiome metabolome in this population. Thus, samples were collected at baseline, 1 3 from enrollment, as well age. Human oligosaccharides (HMO) supplementation led enrichment bifidobacteria gut delayed shift composition toward an adult-like pattern. identified specific HMO-mediated changes amino acid degradation bile conjugation, particularly commencing HMO-supplemented before three months. HMO partially corrected dysbiosis commonly observed CMPA. Further investigation necessary determine clinical significance these findings terms reduced incidence respiratory infections other potential health benefits.

Language: Английский

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Specific Human Milk Oligosaccharides Differentially Promote Th1 and Regulatory Responses in a CpG-Activated Epithelial/Immune Cell Coculture

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 263 - 263

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Proper early life immune development creates a basis for healthy and resilient system, which balances tolerance activation. Deviations in neonatal maturation can have life-long effects, such as of allergic diseases. Evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) possess immunomodulatory properties essential maturation. To understand the enzymatic or bacterial produced HMOS, effects five HMOS (2′FL, 3FL, 3′SL, 6′SL LNnT), present been studied. A PBMC model, IEC barrier model IEC/PBMC transwell coculture models were used, representing critical steps mucosal development. applied to cocultured with activated PBMC. In presence CpG, 2′FL 3FL enhanced IFNγ (p < 0.01), IL10 0.0001) galectin-9 0.001) secretion when added IEC; decreased Th2 cell while Treg polarization 0.05). required this mediated polarization, was not explained by epithelial-derived galectin-9, TGFβ nor retinoic acid secretion. The most pronounced linking type 1 regulatory mediator secretion, observed 3FL. Future studies are needed further complex interplay between HMO

Language: Английский

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