Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 113522 - 113522

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.

Language: Английский

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Omicron BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2): High Potential for Becoming the Next Dominant Variant

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 3840 - 3849

Published: April 25, 2022

The Omicron variant has three subvariants: BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1), BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2), and BA.3 (B.1.1.529.3). is found to be able alarmingly reinfect patients originally infected by BA.1. An important question whether or will become a new dominating "variant of concern". Currently, no experimental data been reported about BA.3. We construct novel algebraic topology-based deep learning model systematically evaluate BA.2's BA.3's infectivity, vaccine breakthrough capability, antibody resistance. Our comparative analysis all main variants, namely, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Lambda, Mu, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, unveils that 1.5 4.2 times as contagious respectively. It also 30% 17-fold more capable than respectively, escape current vaccines. Therefore, we project on path becoming the next dominant variant. forecast like seriously compromise most existing monoclonal antibodies. All key predictions have nearly perfectly confirmed before official publication this work.

Language: Английский

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Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS‐CoV‐2: Concerns, challenges, and recent updates

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(6), P. 2336 - 2342

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Highlights Omicron has shown immune escape from neutralizing antibodies generated through previous infection or vaccination. It could evade the protection provided by mAbs being used in clinics for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Booster dose is recommended to elevate protective levels of COVID‐19 vaccinated individuals. The development powerful oral antiviral drugs such as Molnupiravir and Paxlovid have promising clinical results raised new hopes treatment. High efforts are made develop highly efficacious vaccines, implementing appropriate prevention control strategies counter Omicron.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of mutations on RBD in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 20, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) variant Omicron spread more rapid than the other variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Mutations on Spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) are critical for antibody resistance and infectivity variants. In this study, we have used accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations free energy calculations to present a systematic analysis affinity conformational along with interactions that drive binding between RBD human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. We evaluate impacts key mutation occur in RBDs ACE2 results show S has stronger evaluation decomposition per residue shows mutations N440K, T478K, Q493R Q498R observed provided stabilization effect interaction ACE2. Overall, demonstrate faster spreading may be correlated uncharged residues positively charged such as Lys Arg positions RBD.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant: A Prospective, Observational Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. e172 - e178

Published: July 23, 2022

Illness after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is less compared previous variants. Data on disease burden in immunocompromised patients are lacking. We investigated clinical characteristics and outcomes of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron.Organ transplant recipients, anti-CD20 therapy, allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients infected were included. Characteristics consenting collected contacted regularly until symptom resolution. To identify possible risk factors for hospitalization, a univariate logistic analysis was performed.114 consecutive enrolled. Eighty-nine percent had previously received 3 mRNA vaccinations. While only 1 patient died, 23 (20%) hospitalized median 11 days. A low SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response (<300 BAU [binding units]/mL) at diagnosis, being older, lung recipient, having more comorbidities, higher frailty score associated hospital admission (all P < .01). At end follow-up, 25% still not fully recovered. Of patients, 70% negative 92% IgG BAU/mL) admission. Sotrovimab administered to 17 these died.While mortality low, frequent duration symptoms often prolonged. In addition vaccination, other interventions needed limit morbidity from COVID-19 patients.

Language: Английский

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Vaccination in patients with kidney failure: lessons from COVID-19

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 708 - 723

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Update on the omicron sub‐variants BA.4 and BA.5

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Abstract Several nations have recently begun to relax their public health protocols, particularly regarding the use of face masks when engaging in outdoor activities. This is because there has been a general trend towards fewer cases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, new Omicron sub‐variants (designated BA.4 and BA.5) emerged. These two subvariants are thought be cause an increase COVID‐19 South Africa, United States, Europe. They also spread throughout Asia. evolved from lineage with characteristics that make them even more contagious which allow circumvent immunity previous infection or vaccination. article reviews number scientific considerations about these variants, including apparently reduced clinical severity.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Vaccine-Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Variants

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 546 - 556

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

The surge of COVID-19 infections has been fueled by new SARS-CoV-2 variants, namely Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and so forth. molecular mechanism underlying such is elusive due to the existence 28 554 unique mutations, including 4 653 non-degenerate mutations on spike protein. Understanding transmission evolution a prerequisite foresee trend emerging vaccine-breakthrough variants design mutation-proof vaccines monoclonal antibodies. We integrate genotyping 1 489 884 genomes, library 130 human antibodies, tens thousands mutational data, topological data analysis, deep learning reveal forecast variants. show that prevailing can be quantitatively explained infectivity-strengthening vaccine-escape (co-)mutations protein RBD natural selection and/or vaccination-induced evolutionary pressure. illustrate infectivity strengthening were main for viral evolution, while become dominating among highly vaccinated populations. demonstrate Lambda as infectious Delta but more vaccine-resistant. analyze comutations in countries, United Kingdom, States, Denmark, Finally, we identify sets have high likelihood massive growth: [A411S, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, N501Y], [V401L, [K417N, E484K, [P384L, K417N, N501Y]. predict they escape existing vaccines. an urgent need develop virus combating strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Healthcare: A Multidisciplinary Review

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1995 - 1995

Published: June 7, 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a more and important role in our everyday life due to the advantages that it brings when used, such as 24/7 availability, very low percentage of errors, ability provide real time insights, or performing fast analysis. AI is increasingly being used clinical medical dental healthcare analyses, with valuable applications, which include disease diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment planning, drug discovery. This paper presents narrative literature review use from multi-disciplinary perspective, specifically cardiology, allergology, endocrinology, fields. The highlights data recent research development efforts for healthcare, well challenges limitations associated implementation, privacy security considerations, along ethical legal concerns. regulation responsible design, development, still early stages rapid evolution field. However, duty carefully consider implications implementing respond appropriately. With potential reshape delivery enhance patient outcomes, systems continue reveal their capabilities.

Language: Английский

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Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 3335 - 3335

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection has brought new challenges to the global prevention and control of disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, current studies suggest that there is still great uncertainty about risk severe COVID-19 poor outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used evaluate pooled prevalence (PP) its 95% confidence interval (CI) severity, symptoms estimate odds ratios (OR) 95%CI severity between reinfections primary infections. Nineteen involving a total 34,375 cases 5,264,720 infection included in this meta-analysis. Among those cases, 41.77% (95%CI, 19.23-64.31%) asymptomatic, 51.83% 23.90-79.76%) symptomatic, only 0.58% 0.031-1.14%) manifested as illness, 0.04% 0.009-0.078%) critical illness. The PPs for reinfection-related hospitalization, admission ICU, death were, respectively, 15.48% 11.98-18.97%), 3.58% 0.39-6.77%), 2.96% 1.25-4.67%). Compared with more likely present mild illness (OR = 7.01, 95%CI, 5.83-8.44), was reduced by 86% 0.14, 0.11-0.16). Primary provided some protection against reduces symptomatic Reinfection did not contribute extra or death. It suggested scientifically understand SARS-CoV-2, strengthen public health education, maintain healthy habits, reduce

Language: Английский

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