Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 13, 2022

The recent emergence of the Omicron variant has raised concerns on vaccine efficacy and urgent need to study more efficient vaccination strategies. Here we observed that an mRNA booster in individuals vaccinated with two doses inactivated significantly increased plasma level specific antibodies bind receptor-binding domain (RBD) or spike (S) ectodomain (S1 + S2) both G614 variants, compared homologous vaccine. RBD- S-specific IgG virus neutralization titers against variants concern heterologous group were similar receiving three mRNA-vaccine a boost after infection, but markedly higher than This regime furthermore enhanced RBD-specific memory B cell response S1-specific T response, Our demonstrates vaccines can be highly beneficial, as it increases humoral cellular immune responses virus, including variant.

Language: Английский

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Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 3335 - 3335

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection has brought new challenges to the global prevention and control of disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, current studies suggest that there is still great uncertainty about risk severe COVID-19 poor outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used evaluate pooled prevalence (PP) its 95% confidence interval (CI) severity, symptoms estimate odds ratios (OR) 95%CI severity between reinfections primary infections. Nineteen involving a total 34,375 cases 5,264,720 infection included in this meta-analysis. Among those cases, 41.77% (95%CI, 19.23-64.31%) asymptomatic, 51.83% 23.90-79.76%) symptomatic, only 0.58% 0.031-1.14%) manifested as illness, 0.04% 0.009-0.078%) critical illness. The PPs for reinfection-related hospitalization, admission ICU, death were, respectively, 15.48% 11.98-18.97%), 3.58% 0.39-6.77%), 2.96% 1.25-4.67%). Compared with more likely present mild illness (OR = 7.01, 95%CI, 5.83-8.44), was reduced by 86% 0.14, 0.11-0.16). Primary provided some protection against reduces symptomatic Reinfection did not contribute extra or death. It suggested scientifically understand SARS-CoV-2, strengthen public health education, maintain healthy habits, reduce

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of the RT-qPCR Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1503 - 1503

Published: June 20, 2022

The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causative agent of which severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 symptoms are similar to common cold, including fever, sore throat, cough, muscle and chest pain, brain fog, dyspnoea, anosmia, ageusia, headache. manifestation can vary from being asymptomatic life-threatening conditions warranting hospitalization ventilation support. Furthermore, emergence mutecated variants concern (VOCs) paramount devastating effect pandemic. This highly contagious virus its emergent challenge available advanced viral diagnostic methods for high-accuracy testing faster result yields. review shed light on natural history, pathology, molecular biology, efficient COVID-19, detecting SARS-CoV-2 in collected samples. We reviewed gold standard RT-qPCR method diagnosis confer a better understanding application combat comprehensive may further develop awareness about management

Language: Английский

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Persistent Laplacian projected Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 to become new dominating variants

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 151, P. 106262 - 106262

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 variants – Evolution, spike protein, and vaccines

Biomedical Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 573 - 579

Published: May 6, 2022

Despite the rising natural and vaccines mediated immunity, several countries have experienced a resurgence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to emergence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. From Alpha Omicron, variants concern (VOC) evolved spike protein mutations that may an impact on virus characteristics, such as transmissibility antigenicity. In this review, we describe evolution SARS-CoV-2, summarize current knowledge epidemiological clinical features variants, discuss response strategies in terms reduce burden COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March it was declared pandemic. spread severity took heavy toll overburdening system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With immediate worldwide effort, communication, sharing data, large amounts funding, researchers pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order prevent disease, hospitalizations death. A number vaccines quickly approved for use, vaccination rollouts put place. However, due several individuals being hesitant vaccinations many poorer countries not having access vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that distinct from original variant. Uncertainties related effectiveness various new as well specific-side effects have remained concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track approval, manufacturing at scale, effective distribution COVID-19 remain topmost priorities around world. Unprecedented efforts made developers/researchers healthcare staff, played major role distributing shots provided protection and/or reduced severity, deaths, even with delta omicron variants. Fortunately, those who become infected, appears protect hospitalisation, fatality COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing studies platforms saved deaths

Language: Английский

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Toward a pan-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting conserved epitopes on spike and non-spike proteins for potent, broad and durable immune responses

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e1010870 - e1010870

Published: April 20, 2023

Background The SARS-CoV-2 non-Spike (S) structural protein targets on nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M) and envelope (E), critical in the host cell interferon response memory T-cell immunity, are grossly overlooked COVID vaccine development. current Spike-only vaccines bear an intrinsic shortfall for promotion of a fuller T immunity. Vaccines designed to target conserved epitopes could elicit strong cellular immune responses that would synergize with B lead long-term success. We pursue universal (pan-SARS-CoV-2) against Delta, Omicrons ever-emergent new mutants. Methods findings explored booster immunogenicity UB-612, multitope-vaccine contains S1-RBD-sFc sequence-conserved promiscuous Th CTL epitope peptides Sarbecovirus N, M S2 proteins. To subpopulation (N = 1,478) infection-free participants (aged 18–85 years) involved two-dose Phase-2 trial, UB-612 (third dose) was administered 6–8 months after second dose. evaluated at 14 days post-booster overall safety monitored until end study. induced high viral-neutralizing antibodies live Wuhan WT (VNT 50 , 1,711) Delta 1,282); pseudovirus (pVNT 50, 11,167) vs. Omicron BA.1/BA.2/BA.5 variants 2,314/1,890/854), respectively. lower primary neutralizing elderly were uplifted upon boosting approximately same level young adults. also potent, durable Th1-oriented (IFN-γ + -) (peak/pre-boost/post-boost SFU/10 6 PBMCs, 374/261/444) along robust presence cytotoxic CD8 cells CD107a -Granzyme 3.6%/1.8%/1.8%). This vaccination is safe well tolerated without SAEs. Conclusions By targeting viral S2, N proteins, provide broad long-lasting B-cell immunity offers potential as fend off VoCs resorting Omicron-specific immunogens. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04773067 ; NCT05293665 NCT05541861 .

Language: Английский

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants: current situation and future trends

Infezioni in Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has been the most recent of concern (VOC) established by World Health Organization (WHO). Because its greater infectivity and immune evasion, this quickly became dominant type circulating worldwide. Our literature review thoroughly explains current state emergence, particularly comparing different omicron subvariants, including BA.2, BA.1, BA.3. Such elaboration would be based on structural variations, mutations, clinical manifestation, transmissibility, pathogenicity, vaccination effectiveness. notable difference between three subvariants is insufficiency deletion (Δ69-70) in spike protein, which results a lower detection rate (S) gene target known as failure (SGTF). Furthermore, BA.2 had stronger affinity to human Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (hACE2) receptor than other sub-lineages. Regarding number BA.1.1 (40), followed BA.3, BA.3 with 39, 34, 31 respectively. In addition, have transmissibility sub-lineages (BA.1 BA.1.1). These characteristics are primarily responsible for Omicron's vast geographical spread high contagiousness rates,

Language: Английский

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Path Topology in Molecular and Materials Sciences

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 954 - 964

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

The structures of molecules and materials determine their functions. Understanding the structure function relationship is holy grail molecular sciences. However, rational design with desirable functions remains a grand challenge despite decades efforts. A major obstacle lack an intrinsic mathematical characteristic that attributes to specific function. This work introduces persistent path topology (PPT) effectively characterize directed networks extracted from functional units, such as constitutional isomers, cis–trans chiral molecules, Jahn–Teller isomerism, high-entropy alloy catalysts. Path homology (PH) theory utilized decipher role mirror-symmetric sublattices hinder formation periodic unit cells in amorphous solids. Topological perturbation analysis (TPA) proposed reveal critical target blood coagulation system. topological tools can be directly applied systems biology, omics sciences, materials, machine learning study

Language: Английский

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Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and its subvariants and lineages may lead to another COVID-19 wave in the world? -An overview of current evidence and counteracting strategies

International Journal of Surgery Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 100625 - 100625

Published: May 18, 2023

The highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a recent cause concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified variants into (VOCs), interest (VOIs), and under monitoring (VUMs). VOCs were categorized as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2). (B.1.1.529) was further modified strain that short incubation period; it called VOC by WHO, became fifth on list variants. spread faster than any other since its emergence in late 2021. currently only circulating VOC. various subvariants are BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1), BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2), BA.3 (B.1.1.529.3), BA.4, BA.5, descendent lineages. More recently, identified sublineages BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, XBB.1, BF.7 have also attracted global attention. BA.5 most dominant subvariant globally. Recent spikes cases China due to subvariant. With large increase number cases, there been an hospitalisations countries worldwide. In many countries, lifting infection prevention protocols, such use masks physical distancing, contributes virus. This article highlights potential impacts subvariants, which made pandemic far from over. Effective vaccination remains safest option kerb transmission these Therefore, people must be vaccinated, wear masks, perform regular hand hygiene, observe social distancing. Additionally, genome sequencing positive samples can help detect virus variants; thus, mapping particular area performed.

Language: Английский

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