Abstract.
Incense
burning
is
a
common
religious
activity
that
emits
abundant
gaseous
and
particulate
pollutants
into
the
atmosphere.
During
their
atmospheric
lifetime,
these
gases
particles
are
subjected
to
(photo-)oxidation,
leading
formation
of
secondary
pollutants.
We
examined
oxidation
incense
plumes
under
O3
exposure
dark
condition
using
an
flow
reactor
connected
single
particle
aerosol
mass
spectrometer
(SPAMS).
Nitrate
was
observed
in
particles,
mainly
attributable
ozonolysis
nitrogen-containing
organic
compounds.
With
UV
on,
nitrate
significantly
enhanced,
likely
due
HNO3/HNO2/NOx
uptake
triggered
by
OH
chemistry,
which
more
effective
than
ozone
oxidation.
The
extent
insensitive
exposure,
can
be
explained
diffusion
limitation
on
interfacial
uptake.
OH-aged
oxygenated
functionalized
O3-aged
particles.
Oxalate
malonate,
two
typical
aerosols
(SOA),
were
found
Our
work
reveals
nitrate,
accompanied
SOA,
rapidly
form
incense-burning
upon
photochemical
atmosphere,
could
deepen
our
understanding
air
pollution
caused
activities.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(1), P. 273 - 293
Published: Jan. 10, 2022
Abstract.
Vanillin
(VL),
a
phenolic
aromatic
carbonyl
abundant
in
biomass
burning
emissions,
forms
triplet
excited
states
(3VL∗)
under
simulated
sunlight
leading
to
aqueous
secondary
organic
aerosol
(aqSOA)
formation.
Nitrate
and
ammonium
are
among
the
main
components
of
aerosols
cloud
or
fog
water.
Under
atmospherically
relevant
conditions,
solutions
composed
either
VL
only
with
nitrate
were
subjected
irradiation
compare
aqSOA
formation
via
direct
photosensitized
oxidation
absence
presence
nitrate.
The
reactions
characterized
by
examining
decay
kinetics,
product
compositions,
light
absorbance
changes.
Both
conditions
generated
oligomers,
functionalized
monomers,
oxygenated
ring-opening
products,
promoted
functionalization
nitration,
likely
due
its
photolysis
products
(⚫OH,
⚫NO2,
NO2-
HONO).
Moreover,
potential
imidazole
derivative
observed
suggested
that
participated
reactions.
majority
most
from
both
brown
carbon
(BrC)
chromophores.
effects
oxygen
(O2),
pH,
reactants
concentration
molar
ratios
on
also
explored.
Our
findings
show
O2
plays
an
essential
role
reactions,
oligomer
was
enhanced
at
pH
<4.
Also,
dominant
low
concentrations,
whereas
oligomerization
favored
high
concentrations.
Furthermore,
oligomers
hydroxylated
detected
guaiacol
(a
non-carbonyl
phenol)
Last,
pathways
proposed.
This
study
indicates
may
be
important
source
areas
influenced
underscores
importance
aqueous-phase
processing
carbonyls.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
56(3), P. 1605 - 1614
Published: Jan. 13, 2022
Glyoxal
is
an
important
precursor
of
aqueous
secondary
organic
aerosol
(aqSOA).
Its
photooxidation
to
form
acids
and
oligomers
reactions
with
reduced
nitrogen
compounds
brown
carbon
(BrC)
have
been
extensively
investigated
separately,
although
these
two
types
can
occur
simultaneously
during
the
daytime.
Here,
we
examine
glyoxal
BrC
formation
in
premixed
NH4NO3
+
droplets.
We
find
that
nitrate
photolysis
photosensitization
enhance
decay
rates
by
a
factor
∼5
∼6
compared
those
under
dark,
respectively.
A
significantly
enhanced
rate
∼12
was
observed
presence
both
photosensitization.
Furthermore,
new
phase
formed
irradiated
droplets,
which
had
no
noticeable
degradation
prolonged
photooxidation.
It
attributed
imidazole
oxidation
mediated
and/or
The
persistent
suggests
potential
contribute
SOA
ambient
fine
particles.
This
study
highlights
atmospheric
sink
glyoxal,
may
partially
narrow
gap
between
model
predictions
field
measurements
concentrations.
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
17(4)
Published: Nov. 1, 2022
Abstract
Nitrate
is
an
important
component
of
atmospheric
particulate
matter
and
affects
air
quality,
climate,
human
health,
the
ecosystem.
was
previously
considered
a
permanent
sink
for
nitrogen
oxides
(NO
x
).
However,
this
viewpoint
has
been
challenged
in
recent
years
because
growing
research
evidence
shown
transformation
nitrate
into
NO
(i.e.,
renoxification).
The
photolysis
nitrate/HNO
3
,
especially
phase
or
adsorbed
on
particles,
can
be
significant
renoxification
process
atmosphere.
formation
aerosol
not
only
change
diurnal
variation
but
also
provide
long-distance
transport
form
nitrate,
which
local
regional
chemistry
quality.
This
review
summarizes
advances
fundamental
understanding
under
various
conditions,
with
focus
mechanisms
key
factors
affecting
process.
implications
are
discussed
future
recommended.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9(9), P. 718 - 725
Published: Aug. 26, 2022
Incense
burning
is
a
common
ritual
in
Asian
communities,
and
it
emits
massive
amounts
of
particles.
These
particles
can
undergo
atmospheric
aging
upon
exposure
to
sunlight
other
pollutants.
In
this
work,
we
observed
sulfate
formation
fresh
incense
SO2,
using
single-particle
aerosol
mass
spectrometer
(SPAMS).
Analysis
the
positive
spectra
classified
as
K-type
OC-type.
both
dark
light
experiments,
SO2
uptake
oxidation
were
found
preferentially
OC-type
over
Sulfate
formation,
represented
by
number
fraction
sulfate-containing
(FS),
under
was
likely
due
gaseous
oxidants.
FS
increased
with
UV,
mainly
attributable
photosensitization
reactions.
While
more
formed
at
higher
relative
humidity
(RH)
dark,
independent
RH.
The
increase
photochemistry
effective
lower
RH,
where
photoactive
compounds
concentrated
generated
photo-oxidants.
This
effect
outweighed
that
reduced
dissolution.
Since
contain
organic
photosensitizers
have
also
been
biomass
particles,
our
findings
could
shed
on
potential
trigger
formation.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(5), P. 3017 - 3044
Published: March 7, 2022
Abstract.
Atmospheric
particles
experience
various
physical
and
chemical
processes
change
their
properties
during
lifetime.
Most
studies
on
atmospheric
particles,
both
in
laboratory
field
measurements,
rely
analyzing
an
ensemble
of
particles.
Because
different
mixing
states
individual
only
average
can
be
obtained
from
using
ensembles
To
better
understand
the
fate
environmental
impacts
investigations
at
a
single-particle
level
are
valuable.
Among
wealth
analytic
techniques,
Raman
spectroscopy
provides
unambiguous
characterization
under
pressure
non-destructive
situ
manner.
This
paper
comprehensively
reviews
application
such
technique
including
particle
hygroscopicity,
phase
transition
separation,
solute–water
interactions,
pH,
multiphase
reactions.
Investigations
enhanced
bioaerosols
basis
also
reviewed.
For
each
application,
we
describe
principle
representative
examples
studies.
Finally,
present
our
views
future
directions
development
further
applications
studying
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(4), P. 2859 - 2875
Published: March 2, 2023
Abstract.
Aromatic
carbonyls
(e.g.,
methoxybenzaldehydes),
an
important
class
of
photosensitizers,
are
abundant
in
the
atmosphere.
Photosensitization
and
nitrate-mediated
photo-oxidation
can
occur
simultaneously,
yet
studies
about
their
interactions,
particularly
for
aqueous
secondary
organic
aerosol
(aqSOA)
formation,
remain
limited.
This
study
compared
non-phenolic
(3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde,
DMB)
phenolic
(vanillin,
VL)
methoxybenzaldehydes
as
photosensitizers
aqSOA
formation
via
guaiacol
(GUA)
oxidation
absence
presence
ammonium
nitrate
(AN)
under
atmospherically
relevant
cloud
fog
conditions.
GUA
by
triplet
excited
states
DMB
(3DMB∗)
(GUA
+
was
∼
4
times
faster
exhibited
greater
light
absorption
than
3VL∗
VL).
Both
VL
formed
composed
oligomers,
functionalized
monomers,
oxygenated
ring-opening
species,
N-containing
products
AN.
The
observation
N-heterocycles
such
imidazoles
indicates
participation
reactions.
majority
generated
comprises
potential
brown
carbon
(BrC)
chromophores.
Oligomerization
functionalization
dominated
VL,
but
appeared
to
be
more
due
contributions
from
itself.
AN
did
not
significantly
affect
kinetics,
it
had
distinct
effects
on
product
distributions,
likely
differences
photosensitizing
abilities
structural
features
VL.
In
particular,
extensive
fragmentation
AN,
increased
oligomers
may
VL-derived
phenoxy
radicals
induced
⚫OH
or
⚫NO2
photolysis.
Furthermore,
nitrated
observed
both
alone
imply
that
photosensitized
reactions
promote
nitration.
work
demonstrates
how
non-carbonyl
phenol
oxidation.
Potential
interactions
between
photosensitization
photolysis
were
also
elucidated.
These
findings
facilitate
a
better
understanding
highlight
importance
these
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
249, P. 114405 - 114405
Published: Dec. 9, 2022
Atmosphere
aerosols
have
significant
impact
on
human
health
and
the
environment.
Aerosol
particles
a
number
of
characteristics
that
influence
their
environmental
effects,
including
size,
shape,
chemical
composition.
A
great
deal
difficulty
is
associated
with
quantifying
identifying
atmospheric
because
these
parameters
are
highly
variable
spatial
temporal
scale.
An
important
component
understanding
aerosol
fate
Raman
Spectroscopy
(RS),
which
capable
resolving
compositions
individual
particles.
This
review
presented
strategic
techniques,
especially
RS
methods
for
characterizing
aerosols.
The
nature
properties
environment
were
briefly
described.
Analytical
methodologies
offer
insight
into
chemistry
multidimensional
discussed.
In
addition,
perspectives
practical
applications
using
featured.
