Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomers Featuring an Aza Axis

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(18), P. 2537 - 2554

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

ConspectusAtropisomers bearing a rotation-restricted axis are common structural units in natural products, chiral ligands, and drugs; thus, the prevalence of asymmetric synthesis has increased recent decades. Research into atropisomers featuring an N-containing (N-X atropisomers) remains its infancy compared with well-developed C-C atropisomer analogue. Notably, N-X could offer divergent scaffolds, which extremely important bioactive molecules. The is recognized as both appealing challenging. Recently, we devoted our efforts to catalytic atropisomers, benzimidazole-aryl N-C indole-aryl hydrogen-bond-assisted pyrrole-pyrrole N-N pyrrole-indole indole-indole atropisomers. To obtain Buchwald-Hartwig reaction amidines or enamines was employed. Using Pd(OAc)2/(S)-BINAP Pd(OAc)2/(S)-Xyl-BINAP catalyst system, were readily obtained. address issue reduced stability diarylamine axis, six-membered intramolecular N-H-O hydrogen bond introduced scaffold. A tandem N-arylation/oxidation process used for phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed N-aryl quinone For copper-mediated Friedel-Crafts alkylation/arylation developed. desymmetrization completed successfully via Cu(OTf)2/chiral bisoxazoline (CuOTf)·Tol/bis(phosphine) dioxide thereby achieving first N/N bipyrrole Asymmetric amination utilized provide bisindole excellent stereogenic control. This scaffold using de novo indole construction strategy. heterobiaryl substantially facilitated palladium-catalyzed transient directing group (TDG)-mediated C-H functionalization. Atropisomeric alkenylation, allylation, alkynylation accomplished Pd(OAc)2/l-tert-leucine system. Herein, summarize work on palladium-, copper-, CPA-catalyzed syntheses Furthermore, application molecule analogues axially ligands demonstrated. Subsequently, briefly discussed terms single crystals obtained rotational barriers. Finally, outlook provided.

Language: Английский

---

Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Larock Indole Synthesis to Access Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(8), P. 5493 - 5501

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Larock indole synthesis is one of the most straightforward and efficient methods for indoles; however, there has been no asymmetric version yet construction indole-based axially chiral N-arylindoles since its initial report in 1991. Herein we first example an by employing a sulfinamide phosphine (SadPhos) ligand (Ming-Phos) with palladium. It allows rapid wide range N-arylindole compounds good yields up to 98:2 er. The application this unique scaffold as organocatalyst promising. Furthermore, kinetic study revealed that alkyne migratory insertion rate-determining step, which proven density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Additionally, DFT studies also suggest N–C dihedral difference caused steric hindrance contributes enantioselectivity control.

Language: Английский

---

Catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indolyl quinazolinones bearing N–N/C–C diaxes

Science China Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization reactions

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 883 - 971

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

This review aims to collect advancements in enantioselective palladium-catalyzed cyclization reactions over the past eleven years, and it is organized into thirteen sections depending on different types of transformations involved.

Language: Английский

---

Catalytic Asymmetric Diastereodivergent Synthesis of 2-Alkenylindoles Bearing both Axial and Central Chirality

Precision Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 208 - 220

Published: April 23, 2024

The catalytic asymmetric diastereodivergent synthesis of axially chiral 2-alkenylindoles was established via phosphoric acid-catalyzed addition reactions C3-unsubstituted with

Language: Английский

---

Transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective C–N cross-coupling

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(19), P. 9560 - 9581

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Chiral amine scaffolds are among the most important building blocks in natural products, drug molecules, and functional materials, which have prompted chemists to focus more on their synthesis. Among accomplishments chiral synthesis, transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective C-N cross-coupling is considered one of efficient protocols. This approach combines traditional C(sp

Language: Английский

---

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Atroposelective Indolization to Access Planar-Chiral Macrocycles

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(42), P. 29214 - 29223

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Macrocycles incorporating conformationally defined indoles are widely found in bioactive natural products. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral via indolization involving macrocyclization remains elusive. Herein, we present first rhodium(III)-catalyzed atroposelective macrocyclization, which involves C-H activation aniline, and a subsequent oxidation [3 + 2] annulation reaction with an intramolecular alkyne. This protocol achieves construction indoles, planar chirality control single step. Importantly, this strategy produces macrocyclic atropisomers bearing full-carbon ansa chains, represent challenging targets organic synthesis. Thermodynamic experiments revealed that rotational barrier chain-linked atropisomer was lower than oxa-ansa chain. The mechanism elucidated by computational studies, alkyne insertion steps collectively determined enantioselectivity.

Language: Английский

---

Atroposelective Synthesis of Pyridoindolones Bearing Two Remote Distinct C–N Axes through Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioselective C–H Activation

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

C–N axially chiral compounds represent an important class of atropisomers that are prevalent in bioactive and material molecules. Despite recent advances synthetic methodologies, the asymmetric construction featuring multiple axes has been rarely explored, significantly limiting their further applications. Herein, we report a novel atroposelective synthesis diaxially pyridoindolones both six–five six–six through cobalt-catalyzed C–H annulation. This approach demonstrates exceptional efficiency, yielding diverse array with excellent yields atroposelectivities (60 examples, up to >99% yield, ee, >20:1 dr). Mechanistic studies revealed stereochemistry were generated fixed simultaneously during cyclometalation step, along unexpected amplification effect. The practicality this protocol is underscored by successful gram-scale syntheses various transformations, including formation phosphine ligand. Notably, photoluminescence quantum (ΦF 0.99) positive solvatochromism observed, coupled significant chiroptical properties, underscoring potential applications these organic fluorescent materials.

Language: Английский

---

Synthesis of C—N Axial Chirality N‐Arylindoles via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Free Amine‐Directed Atroposelective C—H Olefination^†

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(21), P. 2788 - 2792

Published: July 3, 2023

Comprehensive Summary Axially chiral N ‐arylindoles bearing a stereogenic C—N axis are unique important scaffolds in natural products, advance materials, pharmaceuticals and privileged ligands or catalysts. Herein, we report the direct synthesis of axially through Pd‐catalyzed free amine‐directed atroposelective C—H olefination enabled by spiro phosphoric acid (SPA) ligand. A wide range enantioenriched ‐aromatic amine indoles were obtained high yields with good enantioselectivities (35 examples, up to 91% yield 96% ee). The products group offer an effective functional handle for down‐stream diversity‐oriented synthesis.

Language: Английский

---

Intermolecular Buchwald–Hartwig Reactions for Enantioselective Synthesis of Diverse Atropisomers: Rerouting the C–N Forming Mechanism to Substrate Oxygen-Assisted Reductive Elimination

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(24), P. 16567 - 16580

Published: June 7, 2024

Axially chiral biaryls featuring a C–N axis are important functional molecules in diverse fields. The asymmetric Buchwald–Hartwig reaction represents powerful strategy for these targets. Previous studies, however, have been predominantly restricted to intramolecular atroposelective coupling, likely due the steric and entropic effects reductive elimination of Pd(II) species with sterically congested aryl nitrogen groups. We now report two intermolecular coupling systems bulky NH lactams halohydrocarbons enabled by rerouting mechanism one that accommodates challenging substrates. Both exhibited group tolerance, excellent enantioselectivity, high Z selectivity (if applicable), affording atropisomeric biaryl olefins through de novo construction axis. Experimental computational studies were performed elucidate mechanism, switch pathways is traced effect (ortho substituent) halide substrate. A 2,6-disubstituted reorients proximal lactamide ligand its unusual O-ligation mode. With amide oxygen participation, this intermediate undergoes an accessible barrier five-membered ring transition state, pathway as well induction mode has much underexplored catalysis.

Language: Английский

---