Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
38(1), P. 1 - 32
Published: Jan. 2, 2022
Worldwide,
environmental
pollution
due
to
a
complex
mixture
of
xenobiotics
has
become
serious
concern.
Several
xenobiotic
compounds
cause
contamination
their
severe
toxicity,
prolonged
exposure,
and
limited
biodegradability.
From
the
past
few
decades,
microbial-assisted
degradation
(bioremediation)
pollutants
evolved
as
most
effective,
eco-friendly,
valuable
approach.
Microorganisms
have
unique
metabolism,
capability
genetic
modification,
diversity
enzymes,
various
pathways
necessary
for
bioremediation
process.
Microbial
is
effective
but
slow
process
that
limits
its
application
in
bioremediation.
However,
study
microbial
enzymes
gaining
global
importance.
huge
ability
transform
contaminants
into
non-toxic
forms
thereby
reduce
pollution.
Recently,
advanced
techniques,
including
metagenomics,
proteomics,
transcriptomics,
metabolomics
are
effectively
utilized
characterization,
metabolic
machinery,
new
proteins,
genes
microorganisms
involved
These
molecular
techniques
provide
thorough
understanding
structural
functional
aspects
microorganisms.
This
review
gives
brief
note
on
impact
environment.
Particular
attention
will
be
devoted
class
such
cytochrome
P450,
dehydrogenase,
laccase,
hydrolase,
protease,
lipase,
etc.
capable
converting
these
innocuous
products.
attempts
deliver
knowledge
role
biodegradation
pollutants,
along
with
use
technologies
like
recombinant
DNA
technology
Omics
approaches
make
more
robust
effective.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 454 - 454
Published: May 25, 2020
Cytochrome
P450s
(CYPs)
are
the
largest
enzyme
family
involved
in
NADPH-
and/or
O2-dependent
hydroxylation
reactions
across
all
domains
of
life.
In
plants
and
animals,
CYPs
play
a
central
role
detoxification
xenobiotics.
addition
to
this
function,
act
as
versatile
catalysts
crucial
biosynthesis
secondary
metabolites,
antioxidants,
phytohormones
higher
plants.
The
molecular
biochemical
processes
catalyzed
by
have
been
well
characterized,
however,
relationship
between
process
its
effect
on
several
plant
functions
was
not
established.
advent
next-generation
sequencing
opened
new
avenues
unravel
involvement
such
stress
response.
expression
CYP
genes
regulated
response
environmental
stresses,
they
also
prominent
crosstalk
abiotic
biotic
responses.
an
enormous
potential
be
used
candidate
for
engineering
crop
species
resilient
stresses.
objective
review
is
summarize
latest
research
ChemSusChem,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12(13), P. 2859 - 2881
Published: April 1, 2019
Abstract
This
Review
is
aimed
at
synthetic
organic
chemists
who
may
be
familiar
with
organometallic
catalysis
but
have
no
experience
biocatalysis,
and
seeks
to
provide
an
answer
the
perennial
question:
if
it
so
attractive,
why
wasn't
extensively
used
in
past?
The
development
of
biocatalysis
industrial
synthesis
traced
from
middle
last
century.
Advances
molecular
biology
two
decades,
particular
genome
sequencing,
gene
directed
evolution
proteins,
enabled
remarkable
improvements
scope
substantially
reduced
biocatalyst
times
cost
contributions.
Additionally,
recovery
reuse
been
facilitated
by
developments
enzyme
immobilization
technologies.
Biocatalysis
has
become
eminently
competitive
chemocatalysis
biocatalytic
production
important
pharmaceutical
intermediates,
such
as
enantiopure
alcohols
amines,
mainstream
synthesis.
space
significantly
expanded
currently
being
extended
even
further
include
new‐to‐nature
reactions.
Chemical Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 2587 - 2605
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
Enzymes
are
excellent
catalysts
that
increasingly
being
used
in
industry
and
academia.
This
Perspective
provides
a
general
practical
guide
to
enzymes
their
synthetic
potential,
primarily
aimed
at
organic
chemists.
Journal of Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2021, P. 1 - 17
Published: Feb. 8, 2021
Emerging
pollutants
in
nature
are
linked
to
various
acute
and
chronic
detriments
biotic
components
subsequently
deteriorate
the
ecosystem
with
serious
hazards.
Conventional
methods
for
removing
not
efficient;
instead,
they
end
up
formation
of
secondary
pollutants.
Significant
destructive
impacts
perinatal
disorders,
mortality,
respiratory
allergy,
cancer,
cardiovascular
mental
other
harmful
effects.
The
pollutant
substrate
can
recognize
different
microbial
enzymes
at
optimum
conditions
(temperature/pH/contact
time/concentration)
efficiently
transform
them
into
rather
unharmful
products.
most
representative
involved
bioremediation
include
cytochrome
P450s,
laccases,
hydrolases,
dehalogenases,
dehydrogenases,
proteases,
lipases,
which
have
shown
promising
potential
degradation
polymers,
aromatic
hydrocarbons,
halogenated
compounds,
dyes,
detergents,
agrochemical
etc.
Such
is
favored
by
mechanisms
such
as
oxidation,
reduction,
elimination,
ring-opening.
significant
be
upgraded
utilizing
genetically
engineered
microorganisms
that
produce
many
recombinant
through
eco-friendly
new
technology.
So
far,
few
been
exploited,
vast
diversity
still
unexplored.
This
review
would
also
useful
further
research
enhance
efficiency
xenobiotic
pollutants,
including
agrochemical,
microplastic,
polyhalogenated
hydrocarbons.
Journal of Biological Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
295(3), P. 833 - 849
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
Cytochrome
P450
enzymes
(P450s)
are
broadly
distributed
among
living
organisms
and
play
crucial
roles
in
natural
product
biosynthesis,
degradation
of
xenobiotics,
steroid
drug
metabolism.
P450s
considered
as
the
most
versatile
biocatalysts
nature
because
vast
variety
substrate
structures
types
reactions
they
catalyze.
In
particular,
can
catalyze
regio-
stereoselective
oxidations
nonactivated
C–H
bonds
complex
organic
molecules
under
mild
conditions,
making
useful
production
commodity
pharmaceuticals,
fine
or
bulk
chemicals,
bioremediation
agents,
flavors,
fragrances.
Major
efforts
have
been
made
engineering
improved
systems
that
overcome
inherent
limitations
native
enzymes.
this
review,
we
focus
on
recent
progress
different
strategies,
including
protein
engineering,
redox-partner
electron
source
P450-mediated
metabolic
to
more
efficiently
produce
pharmaceuticals
other
chemicals.
We
also
discuss
future
opportunities
for
applications
systems.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(10), P. 8838 - 8838
Published: May 16, 2023
Polyunsaturated
fatty
acids
(PUFAs)
are
important
components
of
the
diet
mammals.
Their
role
was
first
established
when
essential
(EFAs)
linoleic
acid
and
α-linolenic
were
discovered
nearly
a
century
ago.
However,
most
biochemical
physiological
actions
PUFAs
rely
on
their
conversion
to
20C
or
22C
subsequent
metabolism
lipid
mediators.
As
generalisation,
mediators
formed
from
n-6
pro-inflammatory
while
those
n-3
anti-inflammatory
neutral.
Apart
classic
eicosanoids
docosanoids,
many
newly
compounds
described
as
Specialised
Pro-resolving
Mediators
(SPMs)
which
have
been
proposed
in
resolving
inflammatory
conditions
such
infections
preventing
them
becoming
chronic.
In
addition,
large
group
molecules,
termed
isoprostanes,
can
be
generated
by
free
radical
reactions
these
too
powerful
properties
towards
inflammation.
The
ultimate
source
photosynthetic
organisms
contain
Δ-12
Δ-15
desaturases,
almost
exclusively
absent
animals.
Moreover,
EFAs
consumed
plant
food
competition
with
each
other
for
Thus,
relative
amounts
important.
Furthermore,
mammals
is
rather
poor.
there
has
much
interest
recently
use
algae,
make
substantial
quantities
long-chain
manipulating
oil
crops
acids.
This
especially
because
fish
oils,
main
human
diets,
limited.
this
review,
metabolic
into
different
described.
Then,
biological
roles
molecular
mechanisms
diseases
outlined.
Finally,
natural
sources
(including
20
22
carbon
compounds)
detailed,
well
recent
efforts
increase
production.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63(13)
Published: Jan. 27, 2024
Biocatalytic
oxidations
are
an
emerging
technology
for
selective
C-H
bond
activation.
While
promising
a
range
of
oxidations,
practical
use
enzymes
catalyzing
aerobic
hydroxylation
is
presently
limited
by
their
substrate
scope
and
stability
under
industrially
relevant
conditions.
Here,
we
report
the
engineering
application
non-heme
iron
α-ketoglutarate-dependent
dioxygenase
direct
stereo-
regio-selective
non-native
fluoroindanone
en
route
to
oncology
treatment
belzutifan,
replacing
five-step
chemical
synthesis
with
enantioselective
hydroxylation.
Mechanistic
studies
indicated
that
formation
desired
product
was
enzyme
overoxidation,
these
properties
subsequently
improved
directed
evolution,
yielding
biocatalyst
capable
>15,000
total
turnovers.
Highlighting
industrial
utility
this
biocatalyst,
high-yielding,
green,
efficient
oxidation
demonstrated
at
kilogram
scale
belzutifan.
