Expert Review of Clinical Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Introduction
In
recent
years,
immunotherapy
has
shown
significant
therapeutic
potential
in
patients
with
advanced
tumors.
However,
only
a
small
number
of
individuals
benefit,
mainly
due
to
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
which
provides
conditions
for
development
Macrophages
TME,
known
as
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAM),
are
divided
into
M1
anti-tumor
and
M2
pro-tumor
phenotypes,
play
regulatory
role
various
stages
tumorigenesis,
promote
tumorigenesis
metastasis,
cause
resistance.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: March 7, 2025
Abstract
Macrophages
are
immune
cells
belonging
to
the
mononuclear
phagocyte
system.
They
play
crucial
roles
in
defense,
surveillance,
and
homeostasis.
This
review
systematically
discusses
types
of
hematopoietic
progenitors
that
give
rise
macrophages,
including
primitive
progenitors,
erythro-myeloid
stem
cells.
These
have
distinct
genetic
backgrounds
developmental
processes.
Accordingly,
macrophages
exhibit
complex
diverse
functions
body,
phagocytosis
clearance
cellular
debris,
antigen
presentation,
response,
regulation
inflammation
cytokine
production,
tissue
remodeling
repair,
multi-level
regulatory
signaling
pathways/crosstalk
involved
homeostasis
physiology.
Besides,
tumor-associated
a
key
component
TME,
exhibiting
both
anti-tumor
pro-tumor
properties.
Furthermore,
functional
status
is
closely
linked
development
various
diseases,
cancer,
autoimmune
disorders,
cardiovascular
disease,
neurodegenerative
metabolic
conditions,
trauma.
Targeting
has
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
strategy
these
contexts.
Clinical
trials
macrophage-based
targeted
drugs,
immunotherapies,
nanoparticle-based
therapy
were
comprehensively
summarized.
Potential
challenges
future
directions
targeting
also
been
discussed.
Overall,
our
highlights
significance
this
versatile
cell
human
health
which
expected
inform
research
clinical
practice.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(6), P. 3414 - 3414
Published: March 18, 2024
The
association
between
cancer
and
inflammation
is
well
established.
Chronic
represents
a
fundamental
step
in
the
development
progression
of
some
types
cancer.
Tumors
are
composed
heterogeneous
population
infiltrating
cells
including
macrophages,
fibroblasts,
lymphocytes,
granulocytes,
mast
cells,
which
respond
to
signals
from
microenvironment
and,
turn,
produce
cytokines,
chemokines,
transcription
factors,
receptors,
miRNAs.
Recent
data
demonstrate
that,
addition
classical
(M1)
alternative
(M2)
macrophage
subtypes,
there
many
intermediate
subtypes
that
potentially
play
different
roles
response
environmental
stimuli.
infiltrated
by
macrophages
called
TAMs
mainly
display
an
M2-like
phenotype
tumor
growth-permissive
activities.
There
bidirectional
interaction
tumor-infiltrating
determines
polarization
ultimately
or
regression.
These
complex
interactions
still
unclear
but
understanding
them
for
new
therapeutic
strategies.
Re-educating
tumor-permissive
into
anti-tumor
focus
research.
This
review
aims
analyze
most
recent
articles
investigating
interplay
tumors,
TAMs,
strategies
re-educating
macrophages.
Biomaterials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
312, P. 122750 - 122750
Published: Aug. 8, 2024
Infiltration
of
immunosuppressive
cells
into
the
breast
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
associated
with
suppressed
effector
T
cell
(Teff)
responses,
accelerated
growth,
and
poor
clinical
outcomes.
Previous
studies
from
our
group
others
identified
infiltration
myeloid-derived
suppressor
(MDSCs)
regulatory
(Tregs)
as
critical
contributors
to
immune
dysfunction
in
orthotopic
claudin-low
model,
limiting
efficacy
adoptive
cellular
therapy.
However,
approaches
target
these
TME
are
currently
lacking.
To
overcome
this
barrier,
polymeric
micellular
nanoparticles
(PMNPs)
were
used
for
co-delivery
small
molecule
drugs
activating
Toll-like
receptors
7
8
(TLR7/8)
inhibiting
PI3K
delta
(PI3Kδ).
The
immunomodulation
by
TLR7/8
agonist
inhibitor
led
type
1
macrophage
polarization,
decreased
MDSC
accumulation
selectively
tissue-resident
Tregs
TME,
while
enhancing
B
adaptive
responses.
PMNPs
significantly
enhanced
anti-tumor
activity
local
radiation
therapy
(RT)
mice
bearing
tumors
compared
RT
alone.
Taken
together,
data
demonstrate
that
combined
a
nanoformulated
immunostimulant
diminished
resulting
regression.
These
findings
set
stage
approach.
Molecular Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Malignant
tumors
pose
a
considerable
threat
to
human
life
and
health.
Traditional
treatments,
such
as
radiotherapy
chemotherapy,
often
lack
specificity,
leading
collateral
damage
normal
tissues.
Tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
characterized
by
hypoxia,
acidity,
redox
imbalances,
elevated
ATP
levels
factors
that
collectively
promote
tumor
growth
metastasis.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
of
the
nanoparticles
developed
in
recent
years
for
TME-responsive
strategies
or
TME-modulating
methods
therapy.
The
focus
on
designing
synthesizing
can
interact
with
achieve
precisely
controlled
drug
release.
These
activate
release
under
specific
conditions
within
environment,
thereby
enhancing
efficacy
drugs
while
reducing
toxicity
cells.
Moreover,
simply
eliminating
cells
does
not
fundamentally
solve
problem.
Only
comprehensively
regulating
TME
make
it
unsuitable
cell
survival
proliferation
we
more
thorough
therapeutic
effects
reduce
risk
recurrence.
regulation
aim
suppress
metastasis
modulating
various
components
TME.
only
improve
treatment
outcomes
but
also
have
potential
lay
foundation
future
personalized
cancer
therapies.
Molecular Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 12, 2025
Positive
surgical
margins
following
radical
prostatectomy
significantly
contribute
to
tumor
recurrence.
While
systemic
chemotherapy
demonstrates
limited
efficacy
in
this
context,
local
drug
delivery
systems
based
on
nanomaterials
offer
promising
strategies
address
issue
by
modifying
release
kinetics
and
distribution,
thereby
enhancing
antitumor
effects
while
minimizing
the
toxicities
associated
with
chemotherapy.
In
study,
we
utilized
electrospun
nanofibrous
mats
loaded
docetaxel
for
sustained
delivery.
vitro
experiments
demonstrated
that
these
implantable
drug-loaded
effectively
inhibited
prostate
cancer
cell
growth,
induced
cycle
arrest,
promoted
apoptosis.
animal
models,
exhibited
prominent
therapeutic
positive
postoperatively.
Importantly,
docetaxel-loaded
modulated
immune
microenvironment
suppressing
M2-like
macrophages,
increasing
ratio
between
M1-
CD8+
T-cell
infiltration.
Local
administration
reduced
toxicity
compared
summary,
developed
an
mat
localized
delivery,
which
offers
a
prospective
strategy
managing
after
surgery.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: March 27, 2025
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
a
prevalent
malignancy
with
significant
global
burden.
Despite
substantial
advancements
in
HCC
treatment
recent
years,
therapeutic
efficacy
remains
constrained
by
immune
evasion
mechanisms
within
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
Myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs),
as
critical
immunosuppressive
elements
of
TME,
have
garnered
increasing
attention
for
their
role
progression.
Recent
studies
emphasize
central
involvement
promoting
evasion,
tolerance,
and
immunosuppression
HCC.
This
review
examines
contributions
MDSCs
to
pathogenesis,
elucidates
underlying
mechanisms,
discusses
ongoing
clinical
trials,
emphasizing
potential
targets
improving
outcomes.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 23, 2025
Epilepsy
is
a
common
neurological
disorder
characterized
by
significant
rate
of
disability.
Accurate
early
diagnosis
and
precise
localization
the
epileptogenic
zone
are
essential
for
timely
intervention,
seizure
prevention,
personalized
treatment.
However,
over
30%
patients
with
epilepsy
exhibit
negative
results
on
electroencephalography
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI),
which
can
lead
to
misdiagnosis
subsequent
delays
in
Consequently,
enhancing
diagnostic
methodologies
imperative
effective
management.
The
integration
nanomaterials
biomedicine
has
led
development
tools
epilepsy.
Key
advancements
include
nanomaterial-enhanced
neural
electrodes,
contrast
agents,
biochemical
sensors.
Nanomaterials
improve
quality
electrophysiological
signals
broaden
detection
range
electrodes.
In
imaging,
functionalized
nanoparticles
enhance
MRI
sensitivity,
facilitating
zone.
NIR-II
nanoprobes
enable
tracking
seizure-related
biomarkers
deep
tissue
penetration.
Furthermore,
sensitivity
sensors
detecting
biomarkers,
crucial
detection.
These
significantly
increase
specificity.
challenges
remain,
particularly
regarding
biosafety,
control,
scalability
fabrication
processes.
Overcoming
these
obstacles
successful
clinical
translation.
Artificial-intelligence-based
big
data
analytics
facilitate
screening
specific
properties.
This
approach
may
help
address
current
limitations
both
effectiveness
safety.
review
explores
application
epilepsy,
objective
inspiring
innovative
ideas
strategies
effectiveness.
