Expanding plastics recycling technologies: chemical aspects, technology status and challenges

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 8899 - 9002

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This paper reviewed the entire life cycle of plastics and options for management plastic waste to address barriers industrial chemical recycling further provide perceptions on possible opportunities with such materials.

Language: Английский

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Enzymes’ Power for Plastics Degradation

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(9), P. 5612 - 5701

Published: March 14, 2023

Plastics are everywhere in our modern way of living, and their production keeps increasing every year, causing major environmental concerns. Nowadays, the end-of-life management involves accumulation landfills, incineration, recycling to a lower extent. This ecological threat environment is inspiring alternative bio-based solutions for plastic waste treatment toward circular economy. Over past decade, considerable efforts have been made degrade commodity plastics using biocatalytic approaches. Here, we provide comprehensive review on recent advances enzyme-based biocatalysis design related processes recycle or upcycle plastics, including polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyolefins. We also discuss scope limitations, challenges, opportunities this field research. An important message from that polymer-assimilating enzymes very likely part solution reaching

Language: Английский

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The world of plastic waste: A review

Cleaner Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100220 - 100220

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

People discover various materials from time to that break the boundaries of traditional materials. Plastic is a revolutionized material, and referred as "a material with 1,000 uses". This review summarized up-to-date research on plastic its waste pollution. has domain throughout human life versatile properties such lightweight, high durability, flexibility, low production cost. article describes applications, benefits, production, consumption, classifications plastics. commercialization began Second World War grew all over world within less than century. The global annual more 359 million tons. Despite plastics cause severe environmental public health issues. Accordingly, this study addresses major issues environment health. Plastics can degrade into micro nano sizes, those fine particles are spreadable in air, water, soil. Therefore, both terrestrial aquatic animals go through negative impacts ingestion, entangling, ulcers, reproduction, oxidative stress. Microplastics also due cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, birth defects, cancer, etc. closing contains developed end-of-life options (e.g., recycling reprocessing, incineration energy recovery, modification reuse, value addition, landfilling) biodegradable non-biodegradable wastes. Several international, regional/national level legislations policies/concepts trade, 3R policy, circular economy) available manage generation. management discussed offering practical insights real-world scenarios. Solutions challenges effective guide create sustainable environmentally responsible approach. Finally, highlights importance judicious decisions involvement stakeholders overcome crisis.

Language: Английский

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Rational Design of Chemical Catalysis for Plastic Recycling

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 4659 - 4679

Published: April 5, 2022

Plastics are indispensable, but their pollution is triggering a global environmental crisis. Although many end-of-life catalytic options have involved converting plastics into valuable products, deep understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and recycling performance significant urgently needed. Here, we start with primer polymeric chain structures on chemical discuss structure–performance polymer, catalyst, reaction. Specifically, development challenges re/upcycling waste PET polyolefins discussed in-depth. In addition, also present some prospects for innovations in catalyst synthesis reaction engineering basis relationship. The discussion ends brief perspective future plastic re/upcycling. Overall, intelligent catalysis design necessary incentivizing relieving burden plastics.

Language: Английский

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Transport fuel from waste plastics pyrolysis – A review on technologies, challenges and opportunities

Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 258, P. 115451 - 115451

Published: March 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Review of polymer technologies for improving the recycling and upcycling efficiency of plastic waste

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 320, P. 138089 - 138089

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Human society has become increasingly reliant on plastic because it allows for convenient and sanitary living. However, recycling rates are currently low, which means that the majority of waste ends up in landfills or ocean. Increasing upcycling is a critical strategy addressing issues caused by pollution, but there several technical limitations to overcome. This article reviews advancements polymer technology aim improve efficiency waste. In food packaging, natural polymers with excellent gas barrier properties self-cleaning abilities have been introduced as environmentally friendly alternatives existing materials reduce food-derived contamination. Upcycling valorization approaches emerged transform into high-value-added products. Recent development recyclable high-performance plastics include design super engineering thermoplastics chemical bonds thermosets make them biodegradable. Further research needed develop more cost-effective scalable technologies address pollution problem through sustainable upcycling.

Language: Английский

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The E factor at 30: a passion for pollution prevention

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 1704 - 1728

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Publication of the E Factor drew attention to problem waste in chemicals manufacture. Thirty yeas later it is abundantly clear that underlying cause global environmental problems, from climate change plastic pollution.

Language: Английский

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Green Chemistry, Biocatalysis, and the Chemical Industry of the Future

ChemSusChem, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(9)

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

In the movement to decarbonize our economy and move away from fossil fuels we will need harness waste products of activities, such as lignocellulose, methane, carbon dioxide. Our wastes be integrated into a circular where used are recycled manufacturing cycle. Key this recycling plastics at resin monomer levels. Biotechnology is well suited future chemical industry that must adapt widely distributed diverse biological feedstocks. increasing mastery biotechnology allowing us develop enzymes organisms can synthesize widening selection desirable bulk chemicals, including plastics, commercially viable productivities. Integration bioreactors with electrochemical systems permit new production opportunities enhanced productivities advantage using low-carbon electricity renewable sustainable sources.

Language: Английский

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Recycling of Plastics in the United States: Plastic Material Flows and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycling Processes

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 2084 - 2096

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

As efforts are made toward establishing a circular economy that engages in activities maintain resources at their highest values for as long possible, an important aspect is understanding the systems which allow recycling to occur. In this article common plastic, polyethylene terephthalate, i.e., PET or plastic #1, has been studied because it recycled relatively high rates U.S. compared other plastics. A material flow analysis described resin showing materials collected, reclaimed flake, and converted into items with content. Imports/exports, reclaimer residue, disposal mismanaged waste all shown flows of PET. Barriers exist collecting, sorting, reclaiming, converting steps, describes them, offers some solutions, suggests research chemists engineers could focus on improve systems. This effort also models sorting recovery facilities (MRF) reclaimers, detailed descriptions streams involved, characterize resource use emissions from these operations key processes system. Example results include greenhouse gas intensities 8.58 kg CO2 equiv per ton MRF feed 103.7 bale feed. The can be used system analyses various scenarios inputs economic input-output life cycle assessments.

Language: Английский

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Coking-Resistant Polyethylene Upcycling Modulated by Zeolite Micropore Diffusion

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(31), P. 14269 - 14277

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Although the mass production of synthetic plastics has transformed human lives, it resulted in waste accumulation on earth. Here, we report a low-temperature conversion polyethylene into olefins. By mixing feed with rationally designed ZSM-5 zeolite nanosheets at 280 °C flowing hydrogen as carrier gas, light hydrocarbons (C1-C7) were produced yield up to 74.6%, where 83.9% these products C3-C6 olefins almost undetectable coke formation. The reaction proceeds multiple steps, including melting, access surface, cracking formation intermediates diffuse micropores, and small molecules micropores. kinetically matched cascade steps external surface within micropores by boosting intermediate diffusion. This feature efficiently suppressed minimize In addition, found that participation process could hinder polycyclic species which also contributes rapid molecule coking-resistant upcycling low temperature not only overturns general viewpoint for facile catalytic over zeolites but demonstrates how polyethylene-based can be upcycled valuable chemicals. addition model polyethylene, system worked depolymerization practically used polyethylene-rich plastics, enabling an industrially economically viable path dealing plastic wastes.

Language: Английский

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