Inorganic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2009,
Volume and Issue:
48(21), P. 10001 - 10017
Published: Sept. 23, 2009
Personalized
energy
(PE)
is
a
transformative
idea
that
provides
new
modality
for
the
planet's
future.
By
providing
solar
to
individual,
an
supply
becomes
secure
and
available
people
of
both
legacy
nonlegacy
worlds
minimally
contributes
increase
in
anthropogenic
level
carbon
dioxide.
Because
PE
will
be
possible
only
if
24
h
day,
7
days
week,
key
enabler
inexpensive
storage
mechanism.
HY
(Y
=
halide
or
OH−)
splitting
fuel-forming
reaction
sufficient
density
large-scale
storage,
but
relies
on
chemical
transformations
are
not
understood
at
most
basic
science
level.
Critical
among
these
multielectron
transfers
proton-coupled
involve
activation
bonds
energy-poor
substrates.
The
chemistry
three
italicized
areas
developed,
from
this
platform,
discovery
paths
leading
hydrohalic
acid-
water-splitting
catalysts
delineated.
latter
catalyst
captures
many
functional
elements
photosynthesis.
In
doing
so,
highly
manufacturable
method
has
been
discovered.
ChemSusChem,
Journal Year:
2007,
Volume and Issue:
1(1-2), P. 26 - 58
Published: Dec. 4, 2007
Energy
is
the
most
important
issue
of
21st
century.
About
85%
our
energy
comes
from
fossil
fuels,
a
finite
resource
unevenly
distributed
beneath
Earth's
surface.
Reserves
fuels
are
progressively
decreasing,
and
their
continued
use
produces
harmful
effects
such
as
pollution
that
threatens
human
health
greenhouse
gases
associated
with
global
warming.
Prompt
action
to
solve
crisis
therefore
needed.
To
pursue
an
action,
we
urged
save
in
more
efficient
ways,
but
also
forced
find
alternative
sources,
convenient
which
solar
for
several
reasons.
The
sun
continuously
provides
Earth
huge
amount
energy,
fairly
all
over
world.
Its
enormous
potential
clean,
abundant,
economical
source,
however,
cannot
be
exploited
unless
it
converted
into
useful
forms
energy.
This
Review
starts
brief
description
mechanism
at
basis
natural
photosynthesis
and,
then,
reports
results
obtained
so
far
field
photochemical
conversion
"grand
challenge"
chemists
means
artificial
fuels.
If
succeed
create
photosynthetic
process,
"...
life
civilization
will
continue
long
shines!",
Italian
scientist
Giacomo
Ciamician
forecast
almost
one
hundred
years
ago.
Annual Review of Biochemistry,
Journal Year:
2006,
Volume and Issue:
75(1), P. 681 - 706
Published: April 7, 2006
Ribonucleotide
reductases
(RNRs)
transform
RNA
building
blocks
to
DNA
by
catalyzing
the
substitution
of
2′OH-group
a
ribonucleotide
with
hydrogen
mechanism
involving
protein
radicals.
Three
classes
RNRs
employ
different
mechanisms
for
generation
radical.
Recent
structural
studies
members
from
each
class
have
led
deeper
understanding
their
catalytic
and
allosteric
regulation
nucleoside
triphosphates.
The
main
emphasis
this
review
is
on
RNR
at
molecular
cellular
level.
Conformational
transitions
induced
nucleotide
binding
determine
substrate
specificity.
An
intricate
interplay
between
gene
activation,
enzyme
inhibition,
degradation
regulates,
together
effects,
activity
provides
appropriate
amount
deoxynucleotides
replication
repair.
In
spite
large
differences
in
amino
acid
sequences,
basic
features
are
remarkably
similar
suggest
common
evolutionary
origin
three
classes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2005,
Volume and Issue:
102(10), P. 3534 - 3539
Published: Feb. 28, 2005
Recent
investigations
have
shed
much
light
on
the
nuclear
and
electronic
factors
that
control
rates
of
long-range
electron
tunneling
through
molecules
in
aqueous
organic
glasses
as
well
bonds
donor–bridge–acceptor
complexes.
Couplings
covalent
hydrogen
are
stronger
than
those
across
van
der
Waals
gaps,
these
differences
coupling
between
bonded
nonbonded
atoms
account
for
dependence
structure
media
redox
sites
Ru-modified
proteins
protein–protein
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2004,
Volume and Issue:
55(1), P. 363 - 390
Published: April 29, 2004
Proton-coupled
electron
transfer
(PCET)
reactions
involve
the
concerted
of
an
and
a
proton.
Such
play
important
role
in
many
areas
chemistry
biology.
Concerted
PCET
is
thermochemically
more
favorable
than
first
step
competing
consecutive
processes
involving
stepwise
(ET)
proton
(PT),
often
by
>=1
eV.
form
X-H
+
Y
X
H-Y
can
be
termed
hydrogen
atom
(HAT).
Another
class
involves
outersphere
with
deprotonation
another
reagent,
Y+
XH-B
X-HB+.
Many
PCET/HAT
rate
constants
are
predicted
well
Marcus
cross
relation.
The
cross-relation
calculation
uses
for
self-exchange
to
provide
information
on
intrinsic
barriers.
Intrinsic
barriers
comparable
or
larger
those
ET.
These
properties
discussed
light
recent
theoretical
treatments
PCET.