Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Functions

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(16), P. 8814 - 8933

Published: Jan. 22, 2020

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous polymers with permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, significant feature COFs is that they structurally predesignable, synthetically controllable, functionally manageable. In principle, the topological design diagram offers geometric guidance for structural tiling extended polygons, polycondensation reactions provide synthetic ways to construct predesigned primary high-order Progress over past decade in chemistry these two aspects undoubtedly established base COF field. By virtue availability units diversity topologies linkages, have emerged as new field materials offer powerful molecular platform complex tailor-made functional development. Here we target comprehensive review field, historic overview survey advances topology reactions, illustrate features diversities, scrutinize development potential various functions through elucidating structure–function correlations based on interactions photons, electrons, holes, spins, ions, molecules, discuss key fundamental challenging issues need be addressed, predict future directions from chemistry, physics, perspectives.

Language: Английский

---

Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 120 - 242

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating units into periodically ordered yet extended 2D and 3D polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores.

Language: Английский

---

Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 48(14), P. 3903 - 3945

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

This review is aimed at providing an in-depth understanding of the potential post-synthetic strategies for modification covalent organic frameworks.

Language: Английский

---

Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks as a Tunable Platform for Functional Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(34), P. 14399 - 14416

Published: July 31, 2020

As a novel class of porous crystalline materials, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), self-assembled from or metal–organic building blocks through intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions, have attracted more and attention. Over the past decade, number HOFs been constructed judicious selection H-bonding motifs, which are further enforced by other weak interactions such as π–π stacking van der Waals forces framework interpenetration. Since H-bonds weaker than coordinate covalent bonds used for construction (MOFs) (COFs), some unique features mild synthesis condition, solution processability, easy healing, regeneration. These enable to be tunable platform functional materials. Here, we review motifs constructing highlight their applications, including gas separation storage, chiral structure determination, fluorescent sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, biological proton conduction, photoluminescent membrane-based applications.

Language: Английский

---

Photonic functional metal–organic frameworks

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 47(15), P. 5740 - 5785

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as particularly exciting inorganic-organic hybrid porous materials which can be simply self-assembled from their corresponding inorganic metal ions/clusters with organic linkers. MOFs combine the inherent physical and chemical properties of both photonic units due to nature. Furthermore, pores within also utilized encapsulate a large number guest species units. The vast combination possibilities, synergistic effects, well controllable ordered arrangements multiple (MPUs) distinguished other enabled them promising platform realize novel functional applications. In this review, we summarize recent important progress in design construction MOFs, various applications luminescence sensing, white-light emission, photocatalysis, nonlinear optics, lasing devices, data storage, biomedicine. addition, highlight strategy effects towards achieving high performance functions. Finally, outline challenges these fields put forward prospects directions for future development.

Language: Английский

---

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Enzyme Biocomposites

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 1077 - 1129

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Because of their efficiency, selectivity, and environmental sustainability, there are significant opportunities for enzymes in chemical synthesis biotechnology. However, as the three-dimensional active structure is predominantly maintained by weaker noncovalent interactions, thermal, pH, stressors can modify or eliminate activity. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which extended porous network materials assembled a bottom-up building block approach from metal-based nodes organic linkers, be used to afford protection enzymes. The self-assembled structures MOFs encase an enzyme process called encapsulation when MOF synthesized presence biomolecule. Alternatively, infiltrated into mesoporous surface bound via covalent processes. Integration this way affords allows maintain activity challenge conditions (e.g., denaturing agents, elevated temperature, non-native solvents). In addition forming simple enzyme/MOF biocomposites, other introduced composites improve recovery facilitate advanced applications sensing fuel cell technology. This review canvasses encapsulation, pore infiltration, adsorption summarizes strategies form multicomponent composites. Also, given that biocomposites straddle chemistry enzymology, provides assessment characterization methodologies MOF-immobilized identifies some key parameters development field.

Language: Английский

---

Opportunities of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Advanced Applications

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Nov. 12, 2018

Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of functional nanostructures with intriguing properties, due to their unprecedented combination high crystallinity, tunable pore size, large surface area, and unique molecular architecture. The range properties characterized in COFs has rapidly expanded include those interest for numerous applications ranging from energy environment. Here, a background overview is provided, consisting brief introduction porous materials the design feature COFs. Then, recent advancements as designer platform plethora emphasized together discussions about strategies principles involved. Finally, challenges remaining this type material real outlined.

Language: Английский

---

Covalent Organic Frameworks: Chemical Approaches to Designer Structures and Built‐In Functions

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 59(13), P. 5050 - 5091

Published: May 30, 2019

Abstract A new approach has been developed to design organic polymers using topology diagrams. This strategy enables covalent integration of units into ordered topologies and creates a polymer form, that is, frameworks. is breakthrough in chemistry because it sets molecular platform for synthesizing with predesignable primary high‐order structures, which central aim over century but unattainable traditional principles. field its own features are distinct from conventional polymers. Review summarizes the fundamentals as well major progress by focusing on used including principles, synthetic strategies, control methods. We scrutinize built‐in functions specific structures revealing various interplays mechanisms involved expression function. propose fundamental issues be addressed future directions physics, materials, application perspectives.

Language: Английский

---

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 31(4)

Published: Oct. 22, 2018

Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all-organic components, tailored pore structures, adjustable chemical have attracted an increasing level research interest a large number applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, health. Recent years witnessed tremendous breakthroughs these fields thanks to unique structures versatile skeletons polymers. Here, recent milestones diverse applications polymers are presented, with emphasis on structural requirements or parameters that dominate properties functionalities. The Review covers following applications: i) adsorption, ii) water treatment, iii) iv) heterogeneous v) electrochemical energy storage, vi) precursors carbons, vii) other (e.g., intelligent temperature control textiles, sensing, proton conduction, biomedicine, actuators). key each application discussed in-depth understanding structure-property relationships provided. Finally, perspective future directions challenges this field presented further studies.

Language: Английский

---

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with hierarchical porosity

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(12), P. 3920 - 3951

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This review highlights the state-of-the-art progress achieved in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity, an emerging class of COFs constructed by integrating different types pores into one framework.

Language: Английский

---