Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 13, 2018

Accumulating evidence implicates metabolites produced by gut microbes as crucial mediators of diet-induced host-microbial cross-talk. Here, we review emerging data suggesting that microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis are influencing host health. These suggested to activate the immune system through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), enhance intestinal epithelial barrier, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, well secretion hormones, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or toxic effects in systemic circulation, and putatively modulate composition. Tryptophan thus affect various physiological processes may contribute homeostasis health disease.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome and cancer

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 800 - 812

Published: Oct. 17, 2013

Language: Английский

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Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 303 - 310

Published: March 31, 2015

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota imbalance and colorectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 501 - 501

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

The gut microbiota acts as a real organ.The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain homeostasis.However, alterations microbiome caused by environmental changes (e.g. , infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this relationship promote disease, such inflammatory bowel diseases cancer.Colorectal cancer is complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells large amount micro-organisms, involvement in colorectal carcinogenesis becoming increasingly clear.Indeed, many bacterial composition have been reported cancer, suggesting major role dysbiosis carcinogenesis.Some species identified suspected play carcinogenesis, Streptococcus bovis Helicobacter pylori Bacteroides

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota disturbance during antibiotic therapy: a multi-omic approach

Gut, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 62(11), P. 1591 - 1601

Published: Dec. 12, 2012

Objective

Antibiotic (AB) usage strongly affects microbial intestinal metabolism and thereby impacts human health. Understanding this process the underlying mechanisms remains a major research goal. Accordingly, we conducted first comparative omic investigation of gut communities in faecal samples taken at multiple time points from an individual subjected to β-lactam therapy.

Methods

The total (16S rDNA) active rRNA) microbiota, metagenome, metatranscriptome (mRNAs), metametabolome (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) metaproteome (ultra high performing Orbitrap MS² instrument [UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap-MS/MS]) patient undergoing AB therapy for 14 days were evaluated.

Results

Apparently oscillatory population dynamics observed, with early reduction Gram-negative organisms (day 6) overall collapse diversity possible further colonisation by ‘presumptive’ naturally resistant bacteria 11), followed re-growth Gram-positive species 14). During process, maximum imbalance fraction occurred later 14) than greatest change fraction, which reached minimum biodiversity richness on day 11; additionally, metabolic changes 6. Gut respond ABs activating systems avoid antimicrobial effects drugs, while ‘presumptively’ attenuating their energetic status capacity transport metabolise bile acid, cholesterol, hormones vitamins; host–microbial interactions significantly improved after treatment cessation.

Conclusions

This proof-of-concept study provides extensive description microbiota responses follow-up results demonstrate that targeting specific pathogenic infections diseases may alter ecology host much higher level previously assumed.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial Metabolite Indole Modulates Incretin Secretion from Intestinal Enteroendocrine L Cells

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 1202 - 1208

Published: Nov. 1, 2014

It has long been speculated that metabolites, produced by gut microbiota, influence host metabolism in health and diseases. Here, we reveal indole, a metabolite from the dissimilation of tryptophan, is able to modulate secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) immortalized primary mouse colonic L cells. Indole increased GLP-1 release during short exposures, but it reduced over longer periods. These effects were attributed ability indole affect two key molecular mechanisms On one hand, inhibited voltage-gated K+ channels, temporal width action potentials fired cells, led enhanced Ca2+ entry, thereby acutely stimulating secretion. other slowed ATP production blocking NADH dehydrogenase, thus leading prolonged reduction Our results identify as signaling molecule which microbiota communicate with cells metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Fusobacterium nucleatum associates with stages of colorectal neoplasia development, colorectal cancer and disease outcome

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 33(8), P. 1381 - 1390

Published: March 5, 2014

Language: Английский

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Role of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 28(S4), P. 9 - 17

Published: Nov. 19, 2013

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of bacteria, most which are commensal and have adapted over time to the milieu colon. Their many metabolic interactions with each other, host, influence nutrition metabolism in diverse ways. Our understanding these influences has come through breakthroughs molecular profiling phylogeny capacities microbiota. gut microbiota produce a variety nutrients including short‐chain fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin K . Because their ability interact receptors on epithelial cells subepithelial cells, also release number cellular factors that metabolism. Thus, they potential roles pathogenesis syndrome, diabetes, non‐alcoholic liver disease, cognition, extend well beyond traditional contribution nutrition. This review explores metabolism, putative mechanisms underlying effects.

Language: Английский

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The role of the microbiome for human health: from basic science to clinical applications

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 57(S1), P. 1 - 14

Published: May 1, 2018

The 2017 annual symposium organized by the University Medical Center Groningen in Netherlands focused on role of gut microbiome human health and disease. Experts from academia industry examined interactions prebiotics, probiotics, or vitamins with disease, development early-life gut-brain axis. microbiota changes dramatically during pregnancy intrinsic factors (such as stress), addition to extrinsic diet, drugs) influence composition activity throughout life. Microbial metabolites, e.g. short-chain fatty acids affect signaling immune response. has a regulatory anxiety, mood, cognition pain which is exerted via Ingestion prebiotics probiotics been used treat range conditions including constipation, allergic reactions infections infancy, IBS. Fecal transplantation (FMT) highly effective for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. affects virtually all aspects health, but degree scientific evidence, models technologies understanding mechanisms action vary considerably one benefit area other. For clinical practice be broadly accepted, mode action, therapeutic window, potential side effects need thoroughly investigated. This calls further coordinated state-of-the art research better understand document microbiome's health.

Language: Английский

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Colonic transit time is related to bacterial metabolism and mucosal turnover in the gut

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 1(9)

Published: June 27, 2016

Language: Английский

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