Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: March 5, 2022
The
implication
of
gut
microbiota
in
the
control
brain
functions
health
and
disease
is
a
novel,
currently
emerging
concept.
Accumulating
data
suggest
that
exert
its
action
at
least
part
by
modulating
neuroinflammation.
Given
link
between
neuroinflammatory
changes
neuronal
activity,
it
plausible
may
affect
indirectly
impacting
microglia,
key
player
Indeed,
increasing
evidence
suggests
interplay
microglia
synaptic
dysfunction
involve
microbiota,
among
other
factors.
In
addition
to
these
indirect
microglia-dependent
actions
on
has
been
recently
recognized
could
also
activity
directly
stimulation
vagus
nerve.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
70(4), P. 761 - 774
Published: July 21, 2020
Objective
Non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)-associated
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
an
increasing
healthcare
burden
worldwide.
We
examined
the
role
of
dietary
cholesterol
in
driving
NAFLD–HCC
through
modulating
gut
microbiota
and
its
metabolites.
Design
High-fat/high-cholesterol
(HFHC),
high-fat/low-cholesterol
or
normal
chow
diet
was
fed
to
C57BL/6
male
littermates
for
14
months.
Cholesterol-lowering
drug
atorvastatin
administered
HFHC-fed
mice.
Germ-free
mice
were
transplanted
with
stools
from
different
diets
determine
direct
modulated-microbiota
NAFLD–HCC.
Gut
analysed
by
16S
rRNA
sequencing
serum
metabolites
liquid
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
(LC–MS)
metabolomic
analysis.
Faecal
microbial
compositions
59
hypercholesterolemia
patients
39
healthy
controls.
Results
High
led
sequential
progression
steatosis,
steatohepatitis,
fibrosis
eventually
HCC
mice,
concomitant
insulin
resistance.
Cholesterol-induced
formation
associated
dysbiosis.
The
composition
clustered
distinctly
along
stages
steatohepatitis
HCC.
Mucispirillum,
Desulfovibrio,
Anaerotruncus
Desulfovibrionaceae
increased
sequentially;
while
Bifidobacterium
Bacteroides
depleted
which
corroborated
human
hypercholesteremia
patients.
Dietary
induced
bacterial
alteration
including
taurocholic
acid
decreased
3-indolepropionic
acid.
gavaged
HFHC
manifested
hepatic
lipid
accumulation,
inflammation
cell
proliferation.
Moreover,
restored
cholesterol-induced
dysbiosis
completely
prevented
development.
Conclusions
drives
inducing
Cholesterol
inhibitory
therapy
manipulation
may
be
effective
strategies
prevention.
Immunity,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
55(2), P. 324 - 340.e8
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
The
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR)
is
a
sensor
of
products
tryptophan
metabolism
and
potent
modulator
immunity.
Here,
we
examined
the
impact
AhR
in
tumor-associated
macrophage
(TAM)
function
pancreatic
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDAC).
TAMs
exhibited
high
activity
Ahr-deficient
macrophages
developed
an
inflammatory
phenotype.
Deletion
Ahr
myeloid
cells
or
pharmacologic
inhibition
reduced
PDAC
growth,
improved
efficacy
immune
checkpoint
blockade,
increased
intra-tumoral
frequencies
IFNγ+CD8+
T
cells.
Macrophage
was
not
required
for
this
effect.
Rather,
dependent
on
Lactobacillus
metabolization
dietary
to
indoles.
Removal
TAM
promoted
accumulation
TNFα+IFNγ+CD8+
cells;
provision
indoles
blocked
In
patients
with
PDAC,
AHR
expression
associated
rapid
disease
progression
mortality,
as
well
immune-suppressive
phenotype,
suggesting
conservation
regulatory
axis
human
disease.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Sept. 11, 2020
Abstract
Gut
mucosal
microbes
evolved
closest
to
the
host,
developing
specialized
local
communities.
There
is,
however,
insufficient
knowledge
of
these
communities
as
most
studies
have
employed
sequencing
technologies
investigate
faecal
microbiota
only.
This
work
used
shotgun
metagenomics
biopsies
explore
microbial
communities’
compositions
terminal
ileum
and
large
intestine
in
5
healthy
individuals.
Functional
annotations
genome-scale
metabolic
modelling
selected
species
were
then
identify
functional
enrichments.
While
provided
a
good
approximation
average
gut
microbiome
composition,
allowed
detecting
subtle
variations
Given
their
significant
enrichment
microbiota,
we
highlight
roles
Bacteroides
describe
antimicrobial
resistance
biogeography
along
intestine.
We
also
detail
which
species,
at
locations,
are
involved
with
tryptophan/indole
pathway,
whose
malfunctioning
has
been
linked
pathologies
including
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
Our
study
thus
provides
invaluable
resources
for
investigating
mechanisms
connecting
host
pathophysiology.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: May 26, 2021
The
diverse
and
dynamic
microbial
community
of
the
human
gastrointestinal
tract
plays
a
vital
role
in
health,
with
gut
microbiota
supporting
development
function
immune
barrier.
Crosstalk
between
microbiota-gut
epithelium
system
determine
individual
health
status,
any
crosstalk
disturbance
may
lead
to
chronic
intestinal
conditions,
such
as
inflammatory
bowel
diseases
(IBD)
celiac
disease.
Microbiota-derived
metabolites
are
crucial
mediators
host-microbial
interactions.
Some
beneficially
affect
host
physiology
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
secondary
bile
acids.
Also,
tryptophan
catabolites
responses,
through
binding
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR).
AhR
is
abundantly
present
at
mucosal
surfaces
when
activated
enhances
epithelial
barrier
well
regulatory
responses.
Exogenous
diet-derived
indoles
(tryptophan)
major
source
endogenous
ligand
precursors
together
SCFAs
regulate
inflammation
by
lowering
stress
immunity,
IBD,
expression
downregulated
metabolites.
Here,
we
an
overview
microbiota-epithelium-
immunity
review
how
microbial-derived
contribute
homeostasis.
discuss
therapeutic
potential
bacterial
for
IBD
disease
essential
dietary
components
fibers
systemic
