Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, guiding society's mitigation adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model‐data fusion product covering 10 surface indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational carbon data products. The include fugacity of dioxide, pH total scale, hydrogen ion content, free carbonate aragonite saturation state, calcite Revelle Factor, dissolved inorganic alkalinity content. evolution these presented 1° × grid as decadal averages every years preindustrial (1750), through historical (1850–2010), to five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5. These trajectories represent an improvement over previous products respect quantity, spatial temporal coverage, diversity underlying model simulations, provided SSPs. generated offers state‐of‐the‐art management tool 21st century under combined stressors climate change acidification. gridded available in NetCDF National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Centers Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html , maps are jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html .

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 89 - 120

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract. Total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties with respect to understanding ocean cycle its link global change (ocean sinks sources, acidification) ultimately finding carbon-based solutions or mitigation procedures (marine removal). We present a database of more than 44 400 AT CT observations along basic ancillary data (spatiotemporal location, depth, temperature salinity) from various regions obtained, mainly framework French projects, since 1993. This includes both surface water column acquired open ocean, coastal zones Mediterranean Sea either time series dedicated one-off cruises. Most this synthesis were measured discrete samples using same closed-cell potentiometric titration calibrated Certified Reference Material, an overall accuracy ±4 µmol kg−1 for CT. The provided two separate datasets – Global Ocean (https://doi.org/10.17882/95414, Metzl et al., 2023), respectively that offer direct use regional purposes, e.g., AT–salinity relationships, long-term estimates, constraint validation diagnostic reconstructed fields coupled climate–carbon models simulations as well derived Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. When associated other properties, these can also be used calculate pH, fugacity CO2 (fCO2) system derive acidification rates air–sea fluxes.

Language: Английский

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A Novel Back‐Calculation Approach to Estimate Ocean Anthropogenic Carbon Using Carbon‐Based Data and a Total Matrix Intercomparison Method

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Over the last decades, back‐calculation (BC) techniques for ocean anthropogenic carbon (C ant ) estimation have improved and evolved into different methodologies that are not exempt from various assumptions limitations. No single optimal BC method exists to date computing C ; therefore, it is necessary continue advancing broad range of approaches. Here, we present a novel based on fundamentals combines marine‐carbonate‐system (MCS) data Total Matrix Intercomparison (TMI) framework. This MCS‐TMI approach differs other methods by using TMI reconstruct deep‐ocean biogeochemical properties their preformed conditions. It also incorporates global sea‐air oxygen disequilibrium term, dynamic stoichiometric carbon‐to‐oxygen ratio depends water‐mass ideal time. The yields total inventory 124 ± 7 Pg (referred 1995), in good agreement with previous climatologies. uncertainty (±5.6 μmol kg −1 controlled input‐data errors that, nonetheless, minimal impact inventory. In contrast, our governed methodological errors, specifically those related TMI's boundary Our study demonstrates effectiveness MCS data‐based climatologies reconstructing 3D gridded climatology, validity circulation transport operators obtaining

Language: Английский

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An observation-based method to estimate carbonate system variations in the Labrador Sea

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

The ocean carbonate system consists of pH, alkalinity, inorganic carbon and the partial pressure dioxide, during current era anthropogenic change, its dynamics are key for understanding changes in ecosystem over time. focus this study is to estimate Labrador Sea with time series methods, using direct observations from surface interior, chemical relationships between variables. Interior minimal some these variables, however, connections variables rooted chemistry were used create pseudo-observations CO2SYS, increasing information available. A state space model was designed that combined GLODAP SOCAT along a system. 1993 2016 shows rates DIC (0.57-1.16 µmol kg − 1 year ) fCO 2 (0.70-2.45 µatm ), as well acidification via pH trends (0.0007-0.0018 ). These ranges describe scale occurring at various depths through water column, though they do not change linearly depth. Largest found DIC, 500-1500 m , pH. Total alkalinity also decreased correlated freshening salinity. With core estimated, other aspects calculated such aragonite calcite saturation states, Revelle factor, species. Our method calculates uncertainties vary depth based on availability their variance, which has lowered uncertainty by 71% 64% compared time-independent methods.

Language: Английский

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Global Synthesis of the Status and Trends of Ocean Acidification Impacts on Shelled Pteropods

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean has major ecological, socioeconomic, and biogeochemical impacts, with repercussions for as a critical carbon sink. Ocean acidification (OA) disproportionally affects marine calcifiers, among which pelagic zooplanktonic pteropods play significant role carbonate export. pteropod, due to susceptibility its aragonite shell rapid dissolution, is one most vulnerable groups key indicator OA regional monitoring, but sensitivities have not yet been extrapolated over global scales. To delineate spatial temporal changes pteropod status rate change were evaluated, based on gridded climatologies observations using Regional Modeling System (ROMS) biogeochemical/ecosystem model. Pteropods dominate polar upwelling regions characterized by low saturation state buffering capacity, where extended subsurface dissolution projected. We show that are susceptible regions, subpolar North Pacific, eastern boundary system particularly California Humboldt Current Systems. Rates corresponding increases projected be fastest South Equatorial Currents.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Evolving Ocean Acidification Risk to Dungeness Crab: Time-Series Observations and Modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The state of Washington’s Olympic coast is home to four US coastal treaty tribes who have relied on the region’s rich marine resources since time immemorial. region characterized by large dynamic ranges physical and biogeochemical oceanographic parameters, particularly during upwelling season (April–September). Here, we present novel estimates ocean acidification metrics—pH calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω)—representing pre-industrial, present-day (using 2010 as index year), near-future (2030) conditions. We compare these new past, present, status seasonality published end-of-century (2100) projections under a high CO2 emissions scenario, also sensitivity information for Dungeness crab, regionally important subsistence commercial fishery species projected show strong declines in fisheries yields revenues later this century.

Language: Английский

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Climatological distribution of ocean acidification indicators along the North American ocean margins

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract. Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, provide graphical depictions specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced coastal regions where most economic activities related commercial recreational fisheries as well aquaculture industries occur. In this paper, we unveil comprehensive data product featuring climatologies atlases for ten OA indicators, including fugacity carbon dioxide, pH total scale, hydrogen ion content, free carbonate aragonite saturation state, calcite Revelle Factor, dissolved inorganic alkalinity content. These indicators are provided 1°×1° degree spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from surface 500 meters, along North American margins – defined region between coastline distance 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The were developed using World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods NOAA National Centers Environmental Information (NCEI), based recently released Coastal Data Analysis Product America (CODAP-NA), with 2021 update Global Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) product. relevant adjusted index year 2010. available NetCDF (DOI: 10.25921/g8pb-zy76) Carbon Acidification System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html. It recommended use objectively analyzed (with "_an" suffix) each variable. can be accessed at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html.

Language: Английский

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Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 3383 - 3390

Published: July 24, 2024

Abstract. Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, provide graphical depictions specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced coastal regions where most economic activities, such as commercial recreational fisheries aquaculture industries, occur. In this paper, we unveil comprehensive data product featuring climatologies encompassing fugacity carbon dioxide, pH total scale, hydrogen ion content, free carbonate aragonite saturation state, calcite Revelle factor, dissolved inorganic alkalinity content. These are provided 1° × spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from surface 500 m, along North American margins, defined region between coastline distance 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The atlases were developed using World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) based recently released Coastal Data Analysis Product America (CODAP-NA), with 2021 update Global Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) product. relevant adjusted index year 2010. available NetCDF (https://doi.org/10.25921/g8pb-zy76, Jiang et al., 2022b) Carbon Acidification System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html (last access: 15 July 2024). It recommended use objectively analyzed (with “_an” suffix) each variable. can be accessed https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html

Language: Английский

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REVAMP: Rapid Exploration and Visualization through an Automated Metabarcoding Pipeline

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The revolution and acceleration in DNA sequencing over the past three decades has driven development of new biomolecular tools like environmental (eDNA) metabarcoding for characterizing marine biodiversity. In order to operationalize eDNA approaches routine NOAA observatories, bioinformatic programs improved organismal reference barcodes are needed serve accurate reliable biological data a timely manner. To address these needs, we present Rapid Exploration Visualization through an Automated Metabarcoding Pipeline (REVAMP), which provides streamlined end-to-end processing from raw reads exploration, visualization, hypothesis generation. One benefit REVAMP is ability iteratively assess marker gene database performance. Here, used filtered that only included sequences uploaded prior specified date cutoffs 1995 2022 analyze changes taxonomic assignments, revealing patterns uneven improvement assignment depth accuracy across time, region, sets. This work highlights need targeted efforts key regional taxa importance such improving biomonitoring future.

Language: Английский

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PMEL’s Contribution to Observing and Analyzing Decadal Global Ocean Changes Through Sustained Repeat Hydrography

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The ocean is warming, acidifying, and losing oxygen. Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) carries out repeat hydrographic surveys along specified transects throughout all basins to allow accurate precise quantification of changes in variables such as temperature, salinity, carbon, oxygen, nutrients, velocity, anthropogenic tracers, uses these observations understand ventilation patterns, deoxygenation, heat uptake, carbon content, circulation. GO-SHIP provides global, full-depth, gold-standard data for model validation calibration autonomous sensors, including Argo. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, through sustained funding from NOAA, has developed methods measure several the routinely sampled a core contributor cruises.

Language: Английский

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