Large Ozone Hole in 2023 and the Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption DOI Creative Commons
Michal Kozubek,

Peter Krizan,

Sunil Kumar Ramatheerthan

et al.

Pure and Applied Geophysics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181(8), P. 2391 - 2402

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Polar stratospheric chemistry is highly sensitive to changes in water vapor content and temperature. We identified an unusual behavior of temperature the southern polar winter stratosphere 2023. The relationships between Hunga-Tonga eruption injection (detected tropics) its transport SH high latitudes, ozone anomalies at latitudes are discussed, as well roles zonal wind meridional flux mean momentum. These parameters exhibit a consistent pattern anomalous year In 2023 Southern Hemisphere, unexpected decrease levels emergence excessive hole were observed. This event marked one deepest Antarctic holes with largest area since 2011. appears be associated Hunga Tonga injection. study highlights importance for evolution stratosphere.

Language: Английский

Modulation of the northern polar vortex by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and the associated surface response DOI Creative Commons
Aleš Kuchař, Timofei Sukhodolov, Gabriel Chiodo

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3623 - 3634

Published: March 27, 2025

Abstract. The January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HT) eruption injected sulfur dioxide and unprecedented amounts of water vapour (WV) into the stratosphere. Given manifold impacts previous volcanic eruptions, full implications these emissions are a topic active research. This study explores dynamical perturbed upper-atmospheric composition using an ensemble simulation with Earth system model SOCOLv4. simulations replicate observed anomalies in stratospheric lower-mesospheric chemical reveal novel pathway linking water-rich eruptions to surface climate anomalies. We show that early 2023 excess WV caused significant negative tropical upper-stratospheric mesospheric ozone temperature, forcing atmospheric circulation response particularly affected Northern Hemisphere polar vortex (PV). decreased temperature gradient leads weakening PV, which propagates downward similarly sudden warmings (SSWs) drives via stratosphere–troposphere coupling. These results underscore potential HT create favorable conditions for SSWs subsequent winters as long near-stratopause cooling effect persists. Our findings highlight complex interactions between activity dynamics offer crucial insights future modelling attribution.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The January 2022 Hunga eruption cooled the southern hemisphere in 2022 and 2023 DOI Creative Commons
Ashok Kumar Gupta, Tushar Mittal, Kristen E. Fauria

et al.

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 27, 2025

The 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption injected a significant quantity of water vapor into the stratosphere while releasing only limited sulfur dioxide. It has been proposed that this excess could have contributed to global warming, potentially pushing temperatures beyond 1.5 °C threshold Paris Climate Accord. However, given cooling effects sulfate aerosols and contrasting impacts ozone loss (cooling) versus gain (warming), assessing eruption's net radiative effect is essential. Here, we quantify Hunga-induced perturbations in stratospheric vapor, aerosols, using satellite observations transfer simulations. Our analysis shows these components induce clear-sky instantaneous energy losses at both top atmosphere near tropopause. In 2022, Southern Hemisphere experienced forcing -0.55 ± 0.05 W m⁻² -0.52 By 2023, values decreased -0.26 0.04 -0.25 m⁻², respectively. Employing two-layer balance model, estimate resulted about -0.10 0.02 K by end 2023. Thus, conclude cooled rather than warmed during period.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Strong persistent cooling of the stratosphere after the Hunga eruption DOI Creative Commons
Matthias Stocker, Andrea K. Steiner, Florian Ladstädter

et al.

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

The 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano was a major event that propelled aerosols and water vapor up to an altitude 53–57 km. It caused unprecedented stratospheric hydration is expected affect composition, thermal structure, circulation dynamics for years. Using vertically high resolved satellite observations from radio occultation, we focus on temperature impact in stratosphere January until December 2023. Separating signals broader variability reveals strong persistent radiative cooling –4 K tropical subtropical middle early after mid-2023, clearly corresponding distribution. Our results provide new insights into both localized changes by document this exceptional climatic effect not seen previous volcanic eruptions. has generated as much 4 cooling, vapour anomalies through according analyses occultation microwave limb sounder data

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Antarctic vortex dehydration in 2023 as a substantial removal pathway for Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai water vapour DOI Open Access
Xin Zhou, Sandip Dhomse, Wuhu Feng

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) injected a huge amount (~150 Tg) water vapour (HO) into the stratosphere, along with small SO. An off-line 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) successfully reproduces spread HO through October 2023 as observed by Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Dehydration in Antarctic polar vortex caused first substantial (~20 removal HTHH from stratosphere. CTM indicates that this process will dominate for coming years, giving an overall e-folding timescale 4 years; around 25 Tg is predicted to still remain stratosphere 2030. Following relatively low column ozone midwinter due effects, additional springtime depletion HO-related chemistry was and maximised at edge (10 DU column).

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Stratospheric chlorine processing after the unprecedented Hunga Tonga eruption DOI Open Access
Jun Zhang, Peidong Wang, Douglas E. Kinnison

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Following the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption in January 2022, a significant reduction stratospheric hydrochloric acid (HCl) was observed Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes during latter half of suggesting potential chlorine activation. The objective this study is to comprehensively understand substantial loss HCl aftermath HTHH. Satellite measurements along with global chemistry-climate model are employed for analysis. We find strong agreement 2022 anomalies between modeled and measured data. tracer-tracer relations N2O indicate role chemical processing reduction, especially austral winter 2022. Further examining roles gas-phase heterogeneous chemistry, we that chemistry emerges as primary driver HCl, reaction HOBr on sulfate aerosols identified dominant process.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Compensating atmospheric adjustments reduce the volcanic forcing from Hunga stratospheric water vapor enhancement DOI Creative Commons
Yuwei Wang, Yi Huang

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(32)

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

The 2022 eruption of the Hunga submarine volcano injected an unprecedented volume water vapor into stratosphere, presenting a unique, natural experiment for ascertaining influence stratospheric within global radiation budget. This study examines radiative forcings enhancement, comparing stratosphere-adjusted forcing derived from offline methods to effective Earth System Model simulations. Assuming uniform 2 parts per million mass mixing ratio increase in Southern Hemisphere we estimated instantaneous, stratosphere-adjusted, and overall be -0.04, 0.08, 0.05 W m

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Evolution of the Climate Forcing During the Two Years after the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption DOI Open Access
M. R. Schoeberl, Yi Wang, Ghassan Taha

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 12, 2024

We calculate the climate forcing for two years after January 15, 2022, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga) eruption. use satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols, trace gases and temperatures to compute tropopause radiative flux changes relative climatology. Overall, net downward decreased compared Although water vapor anomaly increases infrared flux, solar reduction due aerosol shroud dominates over most two-year period. Decreases in temperature produced by circulation contributes decrease flux; however, induced ozone short-wave creating small sub-tropical increase late 2022. Coincident with aerosols settling out, disperses, disappear so that contrasting forcings all together. By end 2023, have disappeared. There is some disagreement optical depth (SAOD) which we view as a measure uncertainty; SAOD uncertainty does not alter our conclusion that, overall, dominate followed ozone.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Stratospheric Chlorine Processing After the Unprecedented Hunga Tonga Eruption DOI Creative Commons
Jun Zhang, Peidong Wang, Douglas E. Kinnison

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(17)

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Abstract Following the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption in January 2022, significant reductions stratospheric hydrochloric acid (HCl) were observed Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes during latter half of suggesting potential chlorine activation. The objective this study is to comprehensively understand loss HCl aftermath HTHH. Satellite measurements and a global chemistry‐climate model are employed for analysis. We find strong agreement 2022 anomalies between modeled measured data. tracer‐tracer relations nitrous oxide (N 2 O) indicate role chemical processing reduction, especially austral winter 2022. Further examining roles gas‐phase heterogeneous chemistry, we that chemistry emerges as primary driver HCl, reaction hypobromous (HOBr) on sulfate aerosols dominant process.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Current trends in the zonal distribution and asymmetry of ozone in Antarctica based on satellite measurements DOI Creative Commons

Ruixian Yu,

Volodymyr Reshetnyk, Asen Grytsai

et al.

Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1(28)), P. 24 - 39

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Long‐Term Temperature Impacts of the Hunga Volcanic Eruption in the Stratosphere and Above DOI Creative Commons
William J. Randel, Xinyue Wang, Jon Starr

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(21)

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

Abstract Global average upper atmosphere temperature changes linked with the Hunga volcanic eruption (January 2022) are analyzed based on satellite measurements and compared chemistry‐climate model simulations. Results show stratospheric cooling of −0.5 to −1.0 K in middle stratosphere during 2022 through 2023, followed by stronger (−1.0 −2.0 K) mesosphere after 2023. The patterns follow upward propagating water vapor (H 2 O) anomalies from Hunga, similar behavior is found between observations While mainly due radiative enhanced H O, mesospheric result ozone losses mesosphere, which in‐turn driven HO x radicals O. Comparisons multi‐decade climate record that impacts temperatures have magnitude, but opposite sign, effects large El Chichón (1982) Pinatubo (1991) eruptions.

Language: Английский

Citations

1