Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25, P. e40789 - e40789

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI)–based chatbots can offer personalized, engaging, and on-demand health promotion interventions. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, intervention characteristics AI for promoting behavior change. Methods A comprehensive search conducted in 7 bibliographic databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, Web Science, Embase, JMIR publications) empirical articles published from 1980 2022 that evaluated feasibility or efficacy screening, extraction, analysis identified were performed by following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results Of 15 included studies, several demonstrated high healthy lifestyles (n=6, 40%), smoking cessation (n=4, 27%), treatment medication adherence (n=2, 13%), reduction substance misuse (n=1, 7%). However, there mixed results regarding acceptability, usability. Selected change theories expert consultation used develop strategies chatbots, including goal setting, monitoring, real-time reinforcement feedback, support. Real-time user-chatbot interaction data, such as user preferences behavioral performance, collected on chatbot platform identify ways providing personalized services. potential scalability deployment through accessible devices platforms (eg, smartphones Facebook Messenger). participants also reported offered a nonjudgmental space communicating sensitive information. need be interpreted with caution because moderate risk internal validity, insufficient description techniques, limitation generalizability. Conclusions have interventions among large diverse populations; however, future studies adopt robust randomized control trials establish definitive conclusions.

Language: Английский

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Factors Influencing Adherence to mHealth Apps for Prevention or Management of Noncommunicable Diseases: Systematic Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. e35371 - e35371

Published: April 9, 2022

Mobile health (mHealth) apps show vast potential in supporting patients and care systems with the increasing prevalence economic costs of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. However, despite availability evidence-based mHealth apps, a substantial proportion users do not adhere to them as intended may consequently receive treatment. Therefore, understanding factors that act barriers or facilitators adherence is fundamental concern preventing intervention dropouts effectiveness digital interventions.

Language: Английский

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The Engagement Problem: a Review of Engagement with Digital Mental Health Interventions and Recommendations for a Path Forward

Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 119 - 135

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) are an effective and accessible means of addressing the unprecedented levels illness worldwide. Currently, however, patient engagement with DMHIs in real-world settings is often insufficient to see clinical benefit. In order realize potential DMHIs, there a need better understand what drives engagement.

Language: Английский

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Intervention Optimization: A Paradigm Shift and Its Potential Implications for Clinical Psychology

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 21 - 47

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

To build a coherent knowledge base about what psychological intervention strategies work, develop interventions that have positive societal impact, and maintain increase this impact over time, it is necessary to replace the classical treatment package research paradigm. The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) an alternative paradigm integrates ideas from behavioral science, engineering, implementation economics, decision science. MOST enables of strategically balance effectiveness, affordability, scalability, efficiency. In review we provide overview MOST, discuss several experimental designs can be used in optimization, consider how investigator use results select components for inclusion optimized intervention, application list future issues rapidly evolving field. We highlight feasibility adopting new as well its potential hasten progress

Language: Английский

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Rates of attrition and engagement in randomized controlled trials of mindfulness apps: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 104421 - 104421

Published: Oct. 14, 2023

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) have established the efficacy of mindfulness apps for numerous mental health and behavioral outcomes. However, studies this kind are characterized by significant problems with attrition engagement, making it challenging to interpret these findings also realize full potential app-based solutions. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed examine rates from, engagement in, in 70 RCTs located through four databases. The weighted meta-analytic rate from 9258 participants allocated a app was 24.7%. estimate higher (38.7%) when restricting analyses larger (n ≥ 100 per condition) specific target samples (e.g., general population adults). Studies that offered monetary compensation required in-person enrolment methods were associated lowest rates. Attrition conditions relative waitlists, but not different placebo or active apps. Although data inadequately reported, qualitative synthesis highlighted clear sustained user Findings implications powering, designing appraising research apps, as well development potentially effective retention strategies worthy evaluation future work.

Language: Английский

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Engagement and retention in digital mental health interventions: a narrative review

BMC Digital Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Abstract Background While many digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been shown to be effective, such also criticized for poor engagement and retention rates. However, several questions remain about how users engage with DMHIs, define engagement, what factors might help improve DMHI engagement. Main abstract In this narrative review, we show that although DMHIs are research suggests rates quite variable across studies DMHIs. some instances, high, even in real-world settings where there is evidence of a subset who could considered ‘superusers’. We then review on the barriers facilitators highlighting qualitative users’ perceptions does not always align quantitative assessing relationships between these barriers/facilitators actual introduce potential issues conceptualizations may explain mixed findings, including inconsistent definitions assumptions linear outcomes. Finally, outline suggesting comparable mobile application use broadly as well more traditional forms care (i.e., pharmacological, psychotherapy). Conclusions order increase number people can benefit from additional necessary. Importantly, believe it critical move away existing misconceptions make three recommendations believe, if addressed, likely substantially impact DMHIs: (1) need adopt clearly defined, common definition , (2) importance exploring patterns optimal rather than taking ‘one size fits all’ approach, (3) defining success within based outcomes frequency or duration user’s DMHI.

Language: Английский

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Engagement With an Internet-Administered, Guided, Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Parents of Children Treated for Cancer: Analysis of Log-Data From the ENGAGE Feasibility Trial

JMIR Formative Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. e67171 - e67171

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Background Parents of children treated for cancer may experience psychological difficulties including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Digital interventions, such as internet-administered cognitive behavioral therapy, offer an accessible flexible means to support parents. However, engagement with adherence digital interventions remain a significant challenge, potentially limiting efficacy. Understanding factors influencing user is crucial enhancing the acceptability, feasibility, efficacy these interventions. We developed internet-administered, guided, low-intensity therapy (LICBT)–based self-help intervention parents cancer, (EJDeR [internetbaserad självhjälp för föräldrar till barn som avslutat en behandling mot or internet-based who have completed treatment]). EJDeR included 2 LICBT techniques—behavioral activation worry management. Subsequently, we conducted ENGAGE feasibility trial was found be acceptable feasible. rates were marginally under progression criteria. Objective This study aimed (1) describe examine whether (2) sociodemographic characteristics differed between adherers nonadherers, (3) depression anxiety scores nonadherers at baseline, (4) (5) fathers mothers. Methods performed secondary analysis data, 71 participants. User data collected through log-data tracking, example, communication e-therapists, homework submissions, log-ins, minutes working EJDeR, modules completed. Chi-square tests examined differences mothers concerning categorical data. Independent-samples t regarding continuous variables. Results Module completion higher among those worked their first module versus Of 20 opened allocated, 30% (n=6) 70% (n=14) No in found. Nonadherers allocated had significantly level symptoms baseline than adherers. other Minutes number days using written messages sent participants, total exercises submitted nonadherers. There no Conclusions Straightforward techniques, activation, well-suited delivery, more complex management, require modifications improve engagement. measured behaviorally, future research should measure emotional components Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry 57233429; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN57233429

Language: Английский

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Engagement in computerized cognitive training instructions by older people. A within-subject design to evaluate comprehension and acceptability of serious games instructions

Frontiers in Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

This article emphasizes the advantages of using a within-subject experimental design to assess impact salient visual cues on comprehension and acceptability computerized cognitive training (CCT) instructions among older adults. The study would involve participants aged 65 above, who will engage in an online experiment presenting two sets for serious games: one with without. eliminates need random assignment, improves internal consistency, enhances statistical power. Participants serve as their own controls, providing more robust comparison how affect instruction software acceptance. primary objective is identify indicators CCT games evaluate well comprehend instructions, influencing intention use software. hypothesis suggests that improve foster greater acceptability. By focusing this method, aims enhance engagement adults programs, reducing dropout rates. research offers valuable insights into methodological strengths can be applied future studies usability acceptance tools without impairments.

Language: Английский

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Online Support Groups for Family Caregivers: Scoping Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25, P. e46858 - e46858

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Background Caregiving can affect people of all ages and have significant negative health impacts on family caregivers themselves. Research has shown that social support acts as a buffer against many impacts. A common source is groups. Although traditionally, these groups were conducted in face-to-face setting, the advent internet, media applications, smartphone seen online (OSGs) develop space where seek support. The number OSGs increased exponentially, but there no clear consensus what factors or characteristics contribute to development within them types are available caregivers. Objective This study aimed conduct scoping review understanding for Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses Extension Scoping guidelines, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Psych Articles, Social Sciences, Communication Source, Medline, Web Science databases searched studies (caregiver focused, adults aged 18 years older, groups, caring living person, peer-reviewed journal publications empirical research). In total, 19 included review. research questions (1) type adult caregivers, (2) communication mediums are, (3) psychosocial other make successful unsuccessful participants. Results response first question, we found majority took place public text-based forums illness specific. Where demographics reported, participants predominately women, White, working with university-level education. There variety caregiving relationships. For second most medium was communication, use emojis, photos, GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) files part exchanges. Most frequently, asynchronous degree anonymity, not time-limited by frequency contact duration, moderated peer professional moderators facilitators. third question explored overarching categories safe engagement group management. These described having focus similar others shared lived experiences communicated nonjudgmental overseen trained Conclusions several key considerations be general recommendation practitioners give importance building active moderation multifaceted structures meet different levels caregiver needs ability engage.

Language: Английский

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The conceptualisation and measurement of engagement in digital health

Internet Interventions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 100735 - 100735

Published: March 11, 2024

Digital tools are an increasingly important component of healthcare, but their potential impact is commonly limited by a lack user engagement. health evaluations engagement often restricted to system usage metrics, which cannot capture full understanding how and why users engage with intervention. This study aimed examine theory-based, multifaceted measures digital interventions different components (affective, cognitive, behavioural, micro, macro) consider areas that unclear or missing in measurement. We identified compared two recently developed met these criteria (the Behaviour Change Intervention Engagement Scale the TWente Ehealth Technologies Scale). Despite having similar theoretical bases being relatively strongly correlated, there key differences scales aim discuss implications our analysis for affective, behavioural can be conceptualised whether value distinguishing between them. conclude recommendations circumstances each scale may most useful future measure development could supplement existing scales.

Language: Английский

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