miRNAs as Biomarkers in Disease: Latest Findings Regarding Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cells, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 276 - 276

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs with the main roles regulating mRNA through its degradation and adjusting protein levels. In recent years, extraordinary progress has been made in terms identifying origin exact functions miRNA, focusing on their potential use both research clinical field. This review aims at improving current understanding these molecules applicability medical A thorough analysis literature consulting resources available online databases such as NCBI, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, UpToDate was performed. There is promising evidence that spite lack standardized protocols regarding miRNAs practice, they constitute reliable tool for future use. These meet most required criteria being an ideal biomarker, accessibility, high specificity, sensitivity. Despite present limitations, biomarkers various conditions remain impressive As techniques evolve, we anticipate will become routine approach development personalized patient profiles, thus permitting more specific therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as New Tools for Cancer Therapy: First Steps from Bench to Bedside

Targeted Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 261 - 278

Published: May 25, 2020

Non-coding RNAs represent a significant proportion of the human genome. After having been considered as 'junk' for long time, non-coding are now well established playing important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and functions. Some show cell- tissue-specific expression patterns specifically deregulated under pathological conditions (e.g. cancer). Therefore, have extensively studied potential biomarkers context different diseases with focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) (lncRNAs) several years. Since their discovery, miRNAs attracted more attention than lncRNAs research studies; however, both families to play an role gene control, either transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators. Both can regulate key genes involved development cancer, thus influencing tumour growth, invasion, metastasis by increasing activation oncogenic pathways limiting suppressors. Furthermore, also emerging mediators drug-sensitivity drug-resistance mechanisms. In light these premises, number pre-clinical early clinical studies exploring new therapeutics. The aim this review is summarise latest knowledge use therapeutic tools cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of heart failure

Heart Failure Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 625 - 643

Published: April 14, 2021

Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Circulating biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological pathways involved in HF development progression may assist clinicians early diagnosis management patients. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are cardioprotective hormones released by cardiomyocytes response to pressure or volume overload. The roles B-type NP (BNP) N-terminal pro-B-type (NT-proBNP) for risk stratification have been extensively demonstrated, these emerging tools population screening as guides the start treatment subclinical HF. On contrary, conflicting evidence exists on role NPs guide therapy. Among other biomarkers, high-sensitivity troponins soluble suppression tumorigenesis-2 most promising stratification, with independent value NPs. Other evaluated predictors adverse outcome galectin-3, growth differentiation factor 15, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, makers renal dysfunction. Multi-marker scores genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic analyses could further refine management.

Language: Английский

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The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(19), P. 4940 - 4940

Published: Oct. 6, 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which function as critical post-transcriptional gene regulators of various biological functions. Generally, miRNAs negatively regulate expression by binding to their selective messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby leading either mRNA degradation or translational repression, depending on the degree complementarity with target sequences. Aberrant these has been linked etiologically human diseases including breast cancer. Different cellular pathways cancer development such cell proliferation, apoptotic response, metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance regulated oncogenic miRNA (oncomiR) tumor suppressor (tsmiR). In this review, we highlight current state research into involved in cancer, particular attention articles published between years 2000 2019, using detailed searches databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus. The regulatory roles dysregulated potential therapeutic targets also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at molecular to whole-body level, inducing so-called state 'stress'. Stress affects an organism's welfare status induces energy-consuming mechanisms combat subsequent ill effects; thus, individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Science Direct, other scientific databases. levels can monitored by quantitative qualitative measurement biomarkers. Prominent markers stress include thermal like heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative markers, chemical secretions in saliva urine. In addition, biomarkers are thought play critical roles prognosis stress-related diseases disorders, therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have identified as potent mediators cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, nephrological which also employed evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation specificity. Considerable advances made detection, quantitation, application present review describes current progress identifying biomarkers, their prognostic therapeutic values.

Language: Английский

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miR‐146a‐5p: Expression, regulation, and functions in cancer

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(4)

Published: March 20, 2019

Cancer as we know it is actually an umbrella term for over 100 very unique malignancies in various tissues throughout the human body. Each type, and even subtype of cancer, has different genetic, epigenetic, other cellular events responsible malignant development metastasis. Recent work indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a major role these processes, sometimes by promoting cancer growth times suppressing tumorigenesis. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs negatively regulate expression specific target genes. This review goes into in-depth look at most recent finding regarding significance one particular miRNA, miR-146a-5p, its involvement cancer. Target gene validation pathway analysis have provided mechanistic insight this miRNA's purpose assorted tissues. Additionally, outlines novel findings suggest miR-146a-5p may be useful noninvasive biomarker targeted therapeutic several cancers. article categorized under: RNA Disease Development > Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches RNAs.

Language: Английский

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The pleiotropic neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease pathology: From antioxidant to epigenetic therapy

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 101271 - 101271

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

While the elderly segment of population continues growing in importance, neurodegenerative diseases increase exponentially. Lifestyle factors such as nutrition, exercise, and education, among others, influence ageing progression, throughout life. Notably, Central Nervous System (CNS) can benefit from nutritional strategies dietary interventions that prevent signs senescence, cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's Disease. The polyphenol Resveratrol (RV) possesses antioxidant cytoprotective effects, producing neuroprotection several organisms. oxidative stress (OS) occurs because Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation has been proposed to explain cause ageing. One most harmful effects ROS cell is DNA damage. Nevertheless, there also evidence demonstrating OS produce other molecular changes mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications, others. Interestingly, RV a potent pleiotropic actions, exerting its activity through various pathways. In addition, recent shown mediates involved function CNS persists across generations. Furthermore, it demonstrated interacts with gut microbiota, showing modifications bacterial composition associated beneficial effects. this review, we give comprehensive overview main mechanisms action different experimental models, including clinical trials discuss how interconnection these events could neuroprotective induced by RV.

Language: Английский

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Editor's Choice -- European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Asymptomatic Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease and Intermittent Claudication

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 9 - 96

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Ankle Brachial Index Bare Metal Stent Coronary Artery Disease Confidence Interval Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia Cardiac Rehabilitation Computed Tomography Angiography Cardiovascular Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Drug Coated Balloon Eluting Digital Subtraction expanded PolyTetraFluoroEthylene European Society of Cardiology for Vascular Surgery Guidelines Steering Committee Guideline Writing Home Based Exercise Hazard Ratio Health Related Quality Life Intermittent Claudication International Normalised Major Adverse Events Magnetic Resonance Odds Peripheral Arterial Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Patient Reported Outcome Measure Adjusted Years Randomised Controlled Trial Risk Supervised Toe Pressure The Active detection and Management the Extension atherothrombosis in high coronary patients In comparison with standard Care Atherosclerosis Versus Paclitaxel Setting Primary Stenting Intermediate Length Femoropopliteal Lesions BIOTRONIK’s First Man study Passeo-18 LUX drug releasing PTA Catheter vs. uncoated balloon catheter subjects requiring revascularisation infrapopliteal arteries CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study Clopidogrel versus vs.Aspirin Patients at Ischaemic AcetylSalicylic acid bypass surgery ARterial disease Cilostazol:A STudy Long-term Effects Comparison Evaluation Biomarkers Claudication:Exercise Vs. Endoluminal Revascularisation Covered Expandable Danish Screening trial Dapagliflozin Prevention outcomes Kidney Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction Outcomes Type 2 Diabetes Dutch Iliac trial:COVERed balloon-expandable vs.uncovered stents common iliac artery Bypass Oral anticoagulants or Aspirin Comparing ELUVIA vs.Bare Treatment Superficial Femoral and/or Proximal Popliteal Empagliflozin, Outcomes, Mortality Empagliflozin a Preserved Ticagrelor Symptomatic Further Research PCSK9 Inhibition Subjects Elevated German Epidemiological on Protection Nord-Trøndelag Survey Self-Expanding vs.Balloon-Expandable Stents Occlusive Invasive not intermittent claudication peripheral arterial interventions mono dual antiplatelet therapy Self-Assessment Method Statin side-effects Or Nocebo Prevalence non-high cardiovascular risk, No overt vascular Diseases nOR diAbetes mellitus Of Progression And PAD Awareness, Risk, Treatment: NEw Resources Survival Alirocumab after Acute Syndrome vs.angioplasty treatment occlusions Endovascular Caused by Obstruction Viborg VIABAHN endoprosthesis vs.bare nitinol stent implantation complex superficial femoral occlusive Viabahn PROPATEN bioactive surface long lesions Rivaroxaban YUKON-drug-eluting Below Knee ZILVER PTX vs.Bypass Zilver randomised paclitaxel-eluting femoropopliteal (ESVS) continuously develops clinical practice guidelines diseases. This is first guideline that specifically covers diagnosis atherosclerotic lower extremity (PAD, see also section 2.1) falling within following stages: (1) asymptomatic limb (Rutherford grade 0/Fontaine stage I); (2) (IC, Rutherford I–III/Fontaine IIa IIb). Thus, management chronic threatening ischaemia (CLTI) falls outside primary purpose this guideline, as such already covered other recent from Society.1Conte M.S. Bradbury A.W. Kolh P. White J.V. Dick F. Fitridge R. et al.Global Limb-Threatening Ischemia.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019; 58: S1-S109Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (648) Google Scholar Throughout term refers to both aforementioned patient categories, whereas terms IC are used where certain recommendation only applies particular subcategory. Within context includes infrarenal aorta toes. aim assist clinicians their selection an optimal diagnostic therapeutic pathway during centred shared decision making. A secondary contribute aligned research process across countries globally. Both landscapes have evolved markedly space years introduction new modalities, imaging protocols, options. These include increased understanding utilisation non-interventional options exercise preventive pharmacotherapy continuous advancements endovascular becoming available increasing number patients. scope provide comprehensive, evidence based clear recommendations many possible different steps decisions fall process. all encompassing, including people sex identities, general, these apply adults over age 18 years. clinician responsible patient’s care will differ country, among others surgeons, angiologists, cardiologists, interventional radiologists, physicians, rehabilitation specialists. were therefore developed multidisciplinary group specialists field (see Appendix B) promote highest quality available. should be considered legal care. document provides guidance support, choice ultimately depend individual setting responsibility treating physician. All ESVS guidelines, app smartphone tablet versions, can downloaded free charge website (https://www.esvs.org/journal/guidelines/). AGREE reporting standards throughout II checklist included supplementary material (Appendix A).2Brouwers M.C. Kerkvliet K. Spithoff Next Steps ConsortiumThe Reporting Checklist: tool improve guidelines.BMJ. 2016; 352: i1152Crossref (436) development followed principal suggested cycle, was further informed Clinical Practice Development Scheme.3Antoniou G.A. Bastos Goncalves Bjorck M. Chakfe N. Coscas Dias N.V. al.Editor's Choice - Scheme: An Overview Evidence Methods, Decision Frameworks, Standards Development.Eur 2022; 63: 791-799Abstract (0) Members (GWC) selected chairs collaboration (GSC) represent expert deeply involved PAD. representation disciplines surgery, angiology, physiotherapy, medicine A). GWC provided annual disclosure statements regarding relationships which might perceived conflicts interest. headquarters upon request ([email protected]). received no financial support any pharmaceutical, medical device, industry body develop guidelines. Videoconference software along travel accommodation costs mandatory meetings funded ESVS. GSC undertaking review several independent external experts organisation. final version checked approved members GSC. Following completion second draft 15 January 2022, sent out Swedish Lung Association (https://www.hjart-lung.se/om-oss/about-us/); non-profit national organisation formed 1939 strives life persons lung diseases works ensure heart, vascular, receive they need. invited comments public perspectives full content. After reading through response stated that, does medically trained personnel, neither elected representatives nor civil servants, could comment specific content They, however, welcomed work done design compilation knowledge, propose best treatment, science experience. Overall, positive opinion held introductory meeting 23 24 June 2021 video conference, list topics author assignments determined consensual agreement. met monthly videoconference discuss writing ongoing issues. completed internally reviewed, again 21 22 April 2022 approve wording each recommendation. If disagreed meeting, open vote (where participated had same voting rights) simple majority decisive acceptance Detailed search strategies topic sections Supplementary material. performed literature searches Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library inception up date specified peer reviewed publications. Hand searching references performed. As per systematic last updated November when worked revision draft. July 2023. Selection studies inclusion titles abstracts retrieved studies. pyramid meta-analysis trials top, trials, observational studies, finally Case reports, abstracts, vitro excluded leaving base pyramid. Other documents if applied approach produced own meta-analyses existing literature. For 3.3 suitable consensus available, extensive DELPHI use reported outcome measures arranged published separately part guideline.4Arndt H. Nordanstig J. Bertges D.J. Budtz-Lilly Venermo Espada C.L. al.A Delphi Consensus registries claudication: standard.Eur 64: 526-533Abstract (7) 6.4 there appropriate GWC.5Koeckerling D. Raguindin P.F. Kastrati L. Bernhard S. Barker Quiroga Centeno A.C. al.Endovascular revascularization aortoiliac disease: meta-analysis.Eur 2023; 44: 935-950Google underpin shown directly table, details given more comprehensive tables (ESC) system grading level accompanying class recommendation, graded C (Table 1) being highest. strength (class) I III strongest 2). subcategory subcategorised into IIb overall assessment robustness alongside concurrent experience GWC.Table 1Levels adapted system.Level AData derived multiple trialsLevel BData single large non-randomised studiesLevel CConsensus small retrospective Open table tab Table 2Class system.ClassDefinitionWordingIEvidence general agreement procedure beneficial, useful, effectiveis recommendedIIaConflicting divergence about usefulness efficacy procedure: weight favour efficacyshould consideredIIbConflicting less well established opinionmay consideredIIIEvidence useful effective some cases may harmfulis recommended, focusing IC. However, ESC/ESVS 2017 Diagnosis relevant potentially overlap guideline.6Aboyans V. Ricco J.B. Bartelink M.E.L. Brodmann Cohnert T. ESC Diseases, (ESVS).Eur 2018; 55: 305-368Abstract (608) Furthermore, cover acute presentations, 2020 Ischaemia.7Bjorck Earnshaw J.J. Acosta Cochennec Debus E.S. Ischaemia.Eur 2020; 59: 173-218Abstract (214) 2023 Antithrombotic contains antithrombotic therapies patients, far possible; account potential emerged publication guideline. When changes updates previous it discussed section, changed briefly summarised below 3).Table 3Brief overview differences between guideline.GuidelineYear printed publicationRecommendation guidelinesESVS recommendationReasons differencesCanadian Disease2022We suggest against routine testing inferring global without symptoms PAD, who clinically symptomatic atherosclerosis another territory (Weak Recommendation;Moderate evidence).Recommendation 4:For individuals risk disease, focused screening ankle brachial index measurements lowest recorded pressure considered, prevention strategies. (IIb, B)They manifested territories than legs (and thus having risk).European Medicine (ESVM) Disease2019It recommended diabetes screened (Class Level B)Recommendation recommend broader population 3.1.1.2).2017 (ESVS)2018In (LEAD) ABI measurement stratification. B)Screening LEAD heart failure. C)Recommendation manifest failure suggests (ESVS)2018Measurement indicated line non-invasive test (LEAD). 1 5:The establish disease.(I, B)Current supports upgrading B, two one review, meta-analysis, 3.1.3.1)Society extremities: claudication2015Recommendation 2.1We using signs suggestive disease. borderline normal (> 0.9) suggestive, we ABI. (Grade A)Recommendation downgrading B. 3.1.3.1)European Disease2019Measurement Doppler occlusion verify values ≤ 0.9 significant 6:It cutoff value diagnosis, ≥ 1.4 inconclusive.(I, C)A has been added incompressible (ABI 1.4) led C. B ESVM guideline.European score calculation 7:When estimate severity follow revascularisation, calculated dividing systolic arm pressure. (I, B)The upgraded review. statement scientific American Association. (Aboyans al. Circulation 2012) turn Grade recommendation.Canadian smoking cessation ranging intensive counselling, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline, sometimes e-cigarettes (Strong Recommendation; High Evidence).Recommendation 22:For smoke, councelling intervention recommended. 23:For periperal either alone combination pharmacological due its higher effectiveness compared alternatives. B)We current differently, especially bupropion. We harm chapter 4.1.1.1)Canadian Disease2022Statin add (ezetimibe PCSK-9 inhibitors) receiving maximally tolerated dose statin low density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.8 mmol/L, 2.4 mmol/L apolipoprotein 100 0.7 mg/dL.Recommendation 32:For reduce concentrations < (< 55 mg/dL) decrease 50% baseline 55–110 mg/dL. slightly threshold, although recognise threshold mainly heterogeneous cohorts driven data inhibitors.2021 practice2021Considered risk:Documented (ASCVD), unequivocal imaging. Documented ASCVD AMI, ACS, procedures, stroke TIA, aortic aneurysm PAD.Symptomatic 0.90) associated doubling 10 year rate events, CV mortality, total mortality.Recommendation 44For even asymptomatic, consider enhancing factor event cause mortality. A)The classifies documented ASCVD, emphasises PAD.In our method recognition events beds, always very events. A)andIt 44:For quoted together similar message 43 guideline.Society 5.5We selective BMS aorto-iliac angioplasty both, improved technical success patency. 55:For disabling undergoing bare metal stenting distal embolisation. embolisation performing why did occlusions. results recently DISCOVER show benefit uncovered 6.4).Society 5.6We AIOD presence severe calcification aneurysmal rupture unprotected dilation. 57:For Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Document C/D lesions, placement patency rates. B)Our precisely targets (i.e., TASC D) vessel substantially higher.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA and Cardiovascular Diseases

Balkan Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2020

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes death in both developing and developed countries worldwide. Even though there have been improvements primary prevention, prevalence cardiovascular continues to increase recent years. Hence, it is crucial investigate molecular pathophysiology in-depth find novel biomarkers regarding early proper prevention diagnosis these diseases. MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, endogenous, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNAs 21-25 nucleotides length. miRNAs important roles various cellular events such as embryogenesis, proliferation, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation, tumorigenesis. They also potential system, including angiogenesis, cardiac contractility, control lipid metabolism, plaque formation, arrangement rhythm, growth. Circulating promising for purposes prognosis Cell tissue specificity, stability serum plasma, resistance degradative factors freeze-thaw cycles enzymes blood, fast-release kinetics, provide be surrogate markers accurate disease predicting middle- long-term prognosis. Moreover, may a logical approach combine with traditional improve risk stratification In addition their efficacy prognosis, miRNA-based therapeutics beneficial treating using platforms computational tools combination methods analysis. microRNAs promising, therapeutic agents, which can affect multiple genes different signaling pathways. modulation techniques used settings atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, restenosis, vascular remodeling, arrhythmias, hypertrophy fibrosis, angiogenesis cardiogenesis, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic injury. This review presents detailed information about structure biogenesis, stages synthesis functions, expression profiles serum/plasma living organisms, diagnostic prognostic biomarkers, applications

Language: Английский

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The miRNA: a small but powerful RNA for COVID-19

Briefings in Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 1137 - 1149

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a and rapidly evolving epidemic. Now, although few drugs vaccines have been proved for its treatment prevention, little systematic comments are made to explain susceptibility humans. A scattered studies used bioinformatics methods explore the role of microRNA (miRNA) in COVID-19 infection. Combining these timely reports previous about virus miRNA, we comb through available clues seemingly make perspective reasonable that cleverly exploits interplay between small miRNA other biomolecules avoid being effectively recognized attacked from host immune protection as well deactivate functional genes crucial system. In detail, SARS-CoV-2 can be regarded sponge adsorb immune-related which forces fall into dysfunction status Besides, encodes own miRNAs, enter cell not perceived host’s system, subsequently targeting function cause illnesses. Therefore, this article presents viewpoint miRNA-based interplays may primary accesses attacks cells.

Language: Английский

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