Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection of host cells in space and time

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 341 - 361

Published: March 26, 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains one of deadliest infectious diseases with over a billion deaths in past 200 years (Paulson 2013). TB causes more worldwide than any other single agent, 10.4 million new cases and close to 1.7 2017. The obstacles that make hard treat eradicate are intrinsically linked intracellular lifestyle Mtb. Mtb needs replicate within human cells disseminate individuals cause disease. However, we still do not completely understand how manages survive eukaryotic why some able this lethal pathogen. Here, summarise current knowledge complex host cell-pathogen interactions review cellular mechanisms operating at interface between cell, highlighting technical methodological challenges investigating cell biology cell-Mtb interactions.

Language: Английский

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Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 575 - 589

Published: June 12, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Multirole of Liposomes in Therapy and Prevention of Infectious Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

Liposomes are closed bilayer structures spontaneously formed by hydrated phospholipids that widely used as efficient delivery systems for drugs or antigens, due to their capability encapsulate bioactive hydrophilic, amphipathic, and lipophilic molecules into inner water phase within lipid leaflets. The efficacy of liposomes drug antigen carriers has been improved in the last years ameliorate pharmacokinetics capacity release cargo selected target organs cells. Moreover, different formulations variations liposome composition have often proposed include immunostimulatory molecules, ligands specific receptors, stimuli responsive compounds. Intriguingly, independent research unveiled several play critical roles intracellular messengers modulating both innate adaptive immune responses through various mechanisms, including (i) activation antimicrobial enzymatic pathways, (ii) driving fusion-fission events between endosomes with direct consequences phagosome maturation and/or presentation pathway, (iii) modulation inflammatory response. These features can be exploited scaffold liposomes. This would represent an important step forward since carrying could engineered simultaneously activate signal transduction pathways cells tissues induce antigen-specific T B cell lipid-based host-directed strategy provide a focused response against pathogens offer novel prophylactic therapeutic option chronic, recurrent, drug-resistant infections.

Language: Английский

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New insights into the evasion of host innate immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 901 - 913

Published: July 29, 2020

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an extremely successful intracellular pathogen that causes (TB), which remains the leading infectious cause of human death. The early interactions between Mtb and host innate immune system largely determine establishment TB infection disease development. Upon infection, cells detect through a set receptors launch range cellular events. However, these defense mechanisms are extensively modulated by to avoid clearance. In this review, we describe emerging role cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways at – interface summarize recently revealed circumvents strategies such as membrane trafficking integrity, cell death autophagy. addition, discuss newly elucidated manipulates molecular regulatory machinery immunity, including intranuclear machinery, ubiquitin system, intrinsic components. A better understanding evasion adopted will provide new insights into pathogenesis contribute development more effective vaccines therapies.

Language: Английский

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Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 144 - 144

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Macrophages are present in most human tissues and have very diverse functions. Activated macrophages usually divided into two phenotypes, M1 M2 macrophages, which altered by various factors such as microorganisms, tissue microenvironment, cytokine signals. Macrophage polarity is important for infections, inflammatory diseases, malignancies; its management can be key the prevention treatment of diseases. In this review, we assess current state knowledge on macrophage report prospects a therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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Cross-Talk Between Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells is Essential to Maintain Lung Homeostasis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in inhaled air. Resident cells must keep eliminate pathogens by inducing protective immune response silently remove innocuous particles. Which cell type crucial for this still subject debate, with reports favoring either alveolar macrophages (AMs) or epithelial (ECs) including airway ECs. AMs are steady-state their mainly dampen inflammatory responses. In addition, they phagocytose particles apoptotic can initiate resolve responses pathogens. Although release a plethora mediators that modulate responses, ECs also play an essential role as more than just physical barrier. They produce anti-microbial peptides secrete variety AM functions. Furthermore, maintain quiescent state expressing anti-inflammatory membrane proteins such CD200. Thus, both very important have coordinate action protect organism against infection. communicate each other using different mechanisms mediators, glycoproteins receptors, gap junction channels, extracellular vesicles. This review will revisit characteristics functions well communication these utilize balance A better understanding cross-talk between may help develop new therapeutic strategies pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Next-Generation TB Vaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1304 - 1304

Published: July 31, 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a prevalent global infectious disease and leading cause of mortality worldwide. Currently, the only available vaccine for TB prevention Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, BCG demonstrates limited efficacy, particularly in adults. Efforts to develop effective vaccines have been ongoing nearly century. In this review, we examined current obstacles research emphasized significance understanding interaction mechanism between MTB hosts order provide new avenues establish solid foundation development novel vaccines. We also assessed various candidates, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated live subunit viral vector DNA emerging mRNA as well virus-like particle (VLP)-based which are currently preclinical stages or clinical trials. Furthermore, discussed challenges opportunities associated with developing different types outlined future directions research, aiming expedite This comprehensive review offers summary progress made field

Language: Английский

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Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved occurrence progression various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that exert different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which regulated via signal transduction Janus kinase–signal transducer activator transcription, Wnt Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over past few decades, molecular mechanisms signaling pathways have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview basic physiology expound regulatory within them. We also address crucial role pathogenesis including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious cancer, with a focus advances macrophage‐targeted strategies exploring modulation components regulators pathways. Last, discuss challenges possible solutions therapy clinical applications. hope this comprehensive review will directions further research targeting macrophage are promising to improve efficacy

Language: Английский

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Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(8)

Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that third world’s population are carriers tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active Several authors have attributed this to hosts’ differential immune response which cellular humoral components involved, along with cytokines chemokines. Ascertaining relationship between TB development’s clinical manifestations an should increase understanding pathophysiological immunological mechanisms correlating such material protection against Mycobacterium . continues be major public health problem globally. Mortality rates decreased significantly; rather, they increasing. This review thus aimed at deepening knowledge regarding examining published related , mycobacterial evasion pulmonary extrapulmonary induced bacterium inflammation associated dissemination through different routes.

Language: Английский

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune response, biomarkers, and therapeutic intervention

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Although tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, the progression of disease following Mycobacterium (MTB) infection closely associated with host's immune response. In this review, a comprehensive analysis TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment was conducted from immunological perspective. First, we delved into response mechanisms against MTB as well evasion bacteria. Addressing challenges currently faced in diagnosis treatment, also emphasized importance protein, genetic, biomarkers, aiming to provide new insights for early personalized TB. Building upon foundation, further discussed intervention strategies involving chemical treatments increasingly critical issue drug‐resistant other forms Finally, summarized put forward future perspectives. Overall, these findings valuable aspects offer directions toward achieving WHO's goal eradicating by 2035.

Language: Английский

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