Ethics parallel research: an approach for (early) ethical guidance of biomedical innovation

BMC Medical Ethics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Abstract Background Our human societies and certainly also (bio) medicine are more permeated with technology. There seems to be an increasing awareness among bioethicists that effective comprehensive approach ethically guide these emerging biomedical innovations into society is needed. Such has not been spelled out yet for bioethics, while there frequent calls ethical guidance of innovation, by researchers themselves. New biotechnologies require anticipation possible effects implications, meaning the scope evaluative after a technology fully developed or about hypothetical technologies, but real-time real biotechnology. Main text In this paper we aim substantiate discuss six ingredients increasingly see adopted ethicists together constitute “ethics parallel research”. This allows fulfil two aims: guiding development process technologies in biomedicine providing input normative evaluation such technologies. The ethics research are: (1) disentangling wicked problems, (2) upstream midstream analysis, (3) from within, (4) inclusion empirical research, (5) public participation (6) mapping societal impacts, including hard soft impacts. We will draw on gene editing, organoid artificial intelligence as examples illustrate ingredients. Conclusion Ethics brings analyse proactively technological development. It widens roles judgements ethicist anticipatory constructively role. characterised constructive, rather than purely critical perspective, it focusses developing best-practices outlining worst practice, draws insights social sciences philosophy

Language: Английский

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Grow with the Flow: When Morphogenesis Meets Microfluidics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(17)

Published: Feb. 14, 2019

Abstract Developmental biology has advanced the understanding of intricate and dynamic processes involved in formation an organism from a single cell. However, many gaps remain knowledge embryonic development, especially regarding tissue morphogenesis. A possible approach to mimic such phenomena uses pluripotent stem cells vitro morphogenetic models. Herein, these systems are summarized with emphasis on ability better manipulate control cellular interfaces either liquid or solid materials using microengineered tools, which is critical for attaining deeper insights into pattern cell differentiation during organogenesis. The role conventional customized cell‐culture supporting important advances field morphogenesis discussed, fascinating that material sciences microengineering currently play expected future highlighted. In conclusion, it proffered continued microfluidics innovations when applied promise provide advance multidisciplinary fields, including regenerative medicine.

Language: Английский

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Translating Embryogenesis to Generate Organoids: Novel Approaches to Personalized Medicine

iScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 101485 - 101485

Published: Aug. 21, 2020

The astounding capacity of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to differentiate and self-organize has revolutionized the development 3D cell culture models. major advantage is its ability mimic in vivo microenvironments cellular interactions when compared with classical 2D Recent innovations generating embryo-like structures (including blastoids gastruloids) from PSCs have advanced experimental accessibility understand embryogenesis immense potential model human development. Taking cues on how embryonic leads organogenesis, can also be directly differentiated form mini-organs or organoids a particular lineage. Organoids opened new avenues augment our understanding regenerative biology, tissue homeostasis, disease mechanisms. In this review, we provide insights developmental biology comprehensive resource signaling pathways that coordinated manner organoids. Moreover, advent assembloids multilineage opens dimension study paracrine function multi-tissue vitro. Although led an avalanche enthusiasm utilize for organ transplantation studies, examine current limitations perspectives improve reproducibility, scalability, functional complexity, cell-type characterization. Taken together, these vitro organ-specific patient-specific models hold great promise drug discovery, clinical management, personalized medicine.

Language: Английский

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A new era of stem cell and developmental biology: from blastoids to synthetic embryos and beyond

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 2127 - 2137

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

Abstract Recent discoveries in stem cell and developmental biology have introduced a new era marked by the generation of vitro models that recapitulate early mammalian development, providing unprecedented opportunities for extensive research embryogenesis. Here, we present an overview current techniques model embryogenesis, specifically noting created from cells derived two significant species: Homo sapiens , its high relevance, Mus musculus historically common technically advanced organism. We aim to provide holistic understanding these tracing historical background progress made discussing fundamental underlying principles. At each stage, corresponding vivo embryo further discuss how may be used diseases. Through discussion as well their potential applications future challenges, hope demonstrate innovative advances developed actualize clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Ethical, legal, regulatory, and policy issues concerning embryoids: a systematic review of the literature

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract Recent advances in methods to culture pluripotent stem cells model human development have resulted entities that increasingly recapitulated advanced stages of early embryo development. These entities, referred by numerous terms such as embryoids, are becoming more sophisticated and could resemble embryos ever closely research progresses. This paper reports a systematic review the ethical, legal, regulatory, policy questions concerns found literature concerning embryoid published from 2016 2022. We identified 56 papers use 53 distinct names or refer embryoids four broad categories considerations literature: justifications/benefits, ethical significance moral status, permissible use, regulatory oversight challenges. Analyzing full range issues is critical step toward fostering robust social implications this emerging area developing appropriate oversight.

Language: Английский

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