Cross-biome metagenomic analyses of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 109(52), P. 21390 - 21395

Published: Dec. 10, 2012

For centuries ecologists have studied how the diversity and functional traits of plant animal communities vary across biomes. In contrast, we only just begun exploring similar questions for soil microbial despite microbes being dominant engines biogeochemical cycles a major pool living biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. We used metagenomic sequencing to compare composition attributes 16 collected from cold deserts, hot forests, grasslands, tundra. Those found plant-free desert soils typically had lowest levels (diversity protein-coding gene categories) phylogenetic taxonomic diversity. Across all soils, beta was strongly correlated with diversity; were clearly distinct nondesert regardless metric used. The higher relative abundances genes associated osmoregulation dormancy, but lower nutrient cycling catabolism plant-derived organic compounds. Antibiotic resistance consistently threefold less abundant than suggesting that abiotic conditions, not competitive interactions, are more important shaping communities. As most comprehensive survey taxonomic, phylogenetic, date, this study demonstrates approaches can be build predictive understanding function

Language: Английский

---

Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

A major thrust of terrestrial microbial ecology is focused on understanding when and how the composition community affects functioning biogeochemical processes at ecosystem scale (meters-to-kilometers days-to-years). While research has demonstrated these linkages for physiologically phylogenetically "narrow" such as trace gas emissions nitrification, there less conclusive evidence that influences "broad" decomposition organic matter turnover in soil. In this paper, we consider soil structure C-cycling. We phylogenetic level which microbes form meaningful guilds, based overall life history strategies, suggest are associated with deep evolutionary divergences, while much species-level diversity probably reflects functional redundancy. then under what conditions it possible differences among to affect process dynamics, argue may be important rate OM breakdown rhizosphere detritus, likely not mineral soil, physical access occluded or sorbed substrates rate-limiting process. Microbial soils organisms allocate C they take up—not only do fates molecules differ, but can system differently well. For example, extracellular enzymes polysaccharides key controls function. How also particularly long-term fate soil—is sequestered not?

Language: Английский

---

Long-term effects of mineral fertilizers on soil microorganisms – A review

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 54 - 63

Published: April 18, 2014

Language: Английский

---

The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Sept. 19, 2017

In their natural environment plants are part of a rich ecosystem including numerous and diverse microorganisms in the soil. It has been long recognized that some these microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, play important roles plant performance by improving mineral nutrition. However, full range microbes associated with potential to replace synthetic agricultural inputs only recently started be uncovered. last few years great progress made knowledge on composition rhizospheric microbiomes dynamics. There is clear evidence shape microbiome structures, most probably root exudates, also bacteria have developed various adaptations thrive niche. The mechanisms interactions processes driving alterations however largely unknown. this review we focus interaction enhancing nutrition, summarizing current several research fields can converge improve our understanding molecular underpinning phenomenon.

Language: Английский

---

Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(35), P. 10967 - 10972

Published: Aug. 17, 2015

Significance Human activities have resulted in large increases the availability of nutrients terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Although plant community responses to elevated been well studied, soil microbial remain poorly understood, despite their critical importance ecosystem functioning. Using DNA-sequencing approaches, we assessed response communities experimentally added nitrogen and phosphorus at 25 grassland sites across globe. Our results demonstrate that composition these shifts consistent ways with nutrient inputs there are corresponding ecological attributes members. This study represents an important step forward for understanding connection between inputs, communities, altered

Language: Английский

---

Consistent effects of nitrogen amendments on soil microbial communities and processes across biomes

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 1918 - 1927

Published: Jan. 11, 2012

Abstract Ecosystems worldwide are receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen ( N ) via anthropogenic activities with the added having potentially important impacts on microbially mediated belowground carbon dynamics. However, a comprehensive understanding how elevated availability affects soil microbial processes and community dynamics remains incomplete. The mechanisms responsible for observed responses poorly resolved we do not know if communities respond in similar manner across ecosystems. We collected 28 soils from broad range ecosystems orth A merica, amended inorganic , incubated under controlled conditions 1 year. Consistent nearly all soils, addition decreased respiration rates, an average decrease 11% over year‐long incubation, biomass by 35%. High‐throughput pyrosequencing showed that consistently altered bacterial composition, relative abundance ctinobacteria F irmicutes decreasing cidobacteria V errucomicrobia . Further, ‐amended had lower suite extracellular enzymes temperature sensitivity, suggesting shift to preferential decomposition more labile C pools. trends held strong gradients climate characteristics, indicating likely wide‐spread mechanisms. Our results support hypothesis depresses activity shifting metabolic capabilities communities, yielding less capable decomposing recalcitrant pools leading potential increase sequestration rates.

Language: Английский

---

Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats

Nature, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 509(7502), P. 612 - 616

Published: May 21, 2014

Language: Английский

---

Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(21), P. 5970 - 5975

Published: May 2, 2016

Significance Ecological scaling laws are intensively studied for their predictive power and universal nature but often fail to unify biodiversity across domains of life. Using a global-scale compilation microbial macrobial data, we uncover relationships commonness rarity that scale with abundance at similar rates microorganisms macroscopic plants animals. We then show unified law predicts the dominant species 30 orders magnitude all on Earth. this combined lognormal model biodiversity, predict Earth is home as many 1 trillion (10 12 ) species.

Language: Английский

---

Responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to extreme desiccation and rewetting

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 2229 - 2241

Published: July 4, 2013

Language: Английский

---

Defining trait-based microbial strategies with consequences for soil carbon cycling under climate change

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Microorganisms are critical in terrestrial carbon cycling because their growth, activity and interactions with the environment largely control fate of recent plant inputs as well protected soil organic [1, 2]. Soil stocks reflect a balance between microbial decomposition stabilisation assimilated carbon. The can shift under altered environmental conditions [3], new research suggests that knowledge physiology may be for projecting changes improving prognosis climate change feedbacks [4–7]. Still, predicting ecosystem implications processes remains challenge. Here we argue this challenge met by identifying life history strategies based on an organism’s phenotypic characteristics, or traits, representing these models. What key traits change? Microbial growth survival impacted multiple determine responses to varying resource availability fluctuating abiotic [8]. Cellular maintenance activities (those do not produce growth) include production extracellular enzymes degrade acquire resources, biomolecular repair mechanisms, cellular integrity, osmotic balance, defence, antagonism, cell signalling motility [9–11]. It is conceivable investment into would generally high soils, highly heterogeneous temporally variable distribution stressful like extremes moisture, temperature, pH salinity [12, 13]. Selective pressures suboptimal could lead greater cellular-level physiological allocation relative (Fig. 1) thereby impacting processes. Open separate window Fig. 1 Schematic showing C flux includes depolymerisation, substrate uptake, assimilation, dissimilation, biomass synthesis non-growth production. Extracellular enzyme represents acquisition, stress protein linked tolerance reflects higher yield. Forked arrows signify metabolic points where hypothesised tradeoffs might occur. expected empirical relationships among also shown

Language: Английский

---