Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 1 - 9

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract is a specialized organ in which dynamic interactions between host cells and the complex environment occur addition to food digestion. Together with chemical barrier of mucosal layer cellular immune system, epithelial cell performs pivotal role as first physical against external factors maintains symbiotic relationship commensal bacteria. tight junction proteins, including occludin, claudins, zonula occludens, are crucial for maintenance integrity. To allow transport essential molecules restrict harmful substances, intracellular signaling transduction system number extracellular stimuli such cytokines, small GTPases, post-translational modifications dynamically modulate protein complexes. An imbalance these regulations leads compromised integrity linked pathological conditions. Despite obscurity causal relationship, loss considered contribute inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, metabolic disorders. elucidation diseases underlying regulatory mechanisms have improved our understanding intestinal development novel potent therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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M1 and M2 Macrophages: Oracles of Health and Disease

Critical Reviews in Immunology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 463 - 488

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

The purpose of immunology is simple. Cure or prevent disease. M1/M2 useful because it describes the two major and opposing activities macrophages. M1 activity inhibits cell proliferation causes tissue damage while M2 promotes repair. Remarkably, molecules primarily responsible for these "Fight" (NO) "Fix" (Ornithine) both arise from arginine, via enzymatic pathways (iNOS arginase) that down regulate each other. names were chosen macrophages promote Th1 Th2 responses, respectively. Products responses (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-4) also M1activity, Thus, demonstrated importance Innate Immunity how linked to Adaptive in a beautifully counterbalanced system. "Civilization" increased longevity present new disease challenges such as cancer atherosclerosis do not display classical "foreign" antigens. And, diseases are often associated with (or caused by) M1- M2- type formerly fighting infections, but now inappropriate our increasingly "germ-free" societies. In turn, there considerable potential modulating modern achieve better health. Finally, since Th2) work concert produce characteristic immune pathologies, recommended Immune Type 1 2 (IT1, IT2) would be simpler unifying terminology going forward.

Language: Английский

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The alarmin IL-33 promotes regulatory T-cell function in the intestine

Nature, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 513(7519), P. 564 - 568

Published: July 16, 2014

Language: Английский

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Innate lymphoid cells as regulators of immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 765 - 774

Published: June 21, 2016

Language: Английский

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Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites Regulate Gastrointestinal Barrier Function via the Xenobiotic Sensor PXR and Toll-like Receptor 4

Immunity, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 296 - 310

Published: July 24, 2014

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(1), P. 155 - 165

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation

Nature, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 482(7385), P. 395 - 399

Published: Feb. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-Dependent Crosstalk Between Macrophages and ILC3 Promotes Intestinal Homeostasis

Science, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 343(6178)

Published: March 14, 2014

Gut Immune Tolerance With the constant assault of food antigens and its billions resident microbes, gut is an important site immune tolerance. By studying specific intestinal cell populations in genetically modified mice, Mortha et al. ( 10.1126/science.1249288 , published online 13 March; see Perspective by Aychek Jung ) found that macrophages produce cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) response to signals derived from microbiota. IL-1 acts on type 3 innate lymphoid cells intestine, which then cytokine, colony-stimulating factor 2 (Csf2). Csf-2, turn, induces myeloid (including dendritic macrophages) regulatory factors like retinoic acid interleukin-10, support conversion expansion T cells, a population known be critical for maintaining tolerance gut.

Language: Английский

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Natural Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands Control Organogenesis of Intestinal Lymphoid Follicles

Science, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 334(6062), P. 1561 - 1565

Published: Oct. 28, 2011

Nutrients can shape immune system development function through aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling.

Language: Английский

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The role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors in diseases

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 106210 - 106210

Published: Jan. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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