Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 350(6264), P. 1079 - 1084

Published: Nov. 6, 2015

Gut microbes affect immunotherapy The unleashing of antitumor T cell responses has ushered in a new era cancer treatment. Although these therapies can cause dramatic tumor regressions some patients, many patients inexplicably see no benefit. Mice have been used two studies to investigate what might be happening. Specific members the gut microbiota influence efficacy this type (see Perspective by Snyder et al. ). Vétizou found that optimal anticytotoxic lymphocyte antigen blockade required specific Bacteroides spp. Similarly, Sivan discovered Bifidobacterium enhanced antiprogrammed death ligand 1 therapy. Science , issue, p. 1079 and 1084 ; also 1031

Language: Английский

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Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 535(7610), P. 56 - 64

Published: July 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 343 - 353

Published: March 19, 2015

Language: Английский

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The microbiome and innate immunity

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 535(7610), P. 65 - 74

Published: July 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 13, 2018

Accumulating evidence implicates metabolites produced by gut microbes as crucial mediators of diet-induced host-microbial cross-talk. Here, we review emerging data suggesting that microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis are influencing host health. These suggested to activate the immune system through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), enhance intestinal epithelial barrier, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, well secretion hormones, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or toxic effects in systemic circulation, and putatively modulate composition. Tryptophan thus affect various physiological processes may contribute homeostasis health disease.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 223 - 237

Published: Feb. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 20, 2016

The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered ecosystems been associated increased and immune disorders animals humans. Molecular linking microbiota host energy metabolism, lipid accumulation, immunity also identified. However, exact mechanisms that link specific variations composition of development obesity diseases humans remain obscure owing to complex etiology these pathologies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about mechanistic between microbiota, system context disease, a focus on importance axis links microbes inflammation. Finally, therapeutic approaches aimed at reshaping ecosystem regulate related pathologies, as well challenges area.

Language: Английский

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The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 573 - 573

Published: April 15, 2020

The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core microbiota, colonizing intestinal lumen from birth increasing, terms species richness their relative abundances during host's life. Although, members are among main producers short-chain fatty acids, different taxa also associated with intra- extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on host physiology is often inconsistent across studies. Here, we discuss changes according With aim harnessing promote health, analyze how nutrients diet can influence growth metabolites can, turn, physiology.

Language: Английский

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A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 551(7682), P. 648 - 652

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Kynurenines: Tryptophan’s metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 357(6349)

Published: July 27, 2017

Kynurenine metabolites are generated by tryptophan catabolism and regulate biological processes that include host-microbiome signaling, immune cell response, neuronal excitability. Enzymes of the kynurenine pathway expressed in different tissues types throughout body regulated cues, including nutritional inflammatory signals. As a consequence this systemic metabolic integration, peripheral inflammation can contribute to accumulation brain, which has been associated with depression schizophrenia. Conversely, be suppressed activating clearance exercised skeletal muscle. The effect exercise training on through modulation highlights an important mechanism interorgan cross-talk mediated these metabolites. Here, we discuss mechanisms tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism their effects inflammatory, metabolic, oncologic, psychiatric disorders.

Language: Английский

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