Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
such
as
exosomes
and
microvesicles,
are
released
by
different
cell
types
participate
in
physiological
pathophysiological
processes.
EVs
mediate
intercellular
communication
cell‐derived
extracellular
signalling
organelles
that
transmit
specific
information
from
their
of
origin
to
target
cells.
As
a
result
these
properties,
defined
may
serve
novel
tools
for
various
therapeutic
approaches,
including
(a)
anti‐tumour
therapy,
(b)
pathogen
vaccination,
(c)
immune‐modulatory
regenerative
therapies
(d)
drug
delivery.
The
translation
into
clinical
requires
the
categorization
EV‐based
therapeutics
compliance
with
existing
regulatory
frameworks.
classification
defines
subsequent
requirements
manufacturing,
quality
control
investigation,
it
is
major
importance
define
whether
considered
active
components
or
primarily
delivery
vehicles.
For
an
effective
particularly
safe
practice,
high
level
cooperation
between
researchers,
clinicians
competent
authorities
essential.
In
this
position
statement,
basic
scientists,
members
International
Society
Vesicles
(ISEV)
European
Cooperation
Science
Technology
(COST)
program
Union,
namely
Network
on
Microvesicles
Exosomes
Health
Disease
(ME‐HaD),
summarize
recent
developments
current
knowledge
therapies.
Aspects
safety
must
be
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
application
highlighted.
Production
processes
discussed.
Strategies
promote
future
studies
addressed.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
33(1), P. 291 - 353
Published: March 21, 2015
Ion
channels
and
transporters
mediate
the
transport
of
charged
ions
across
hydrophobic
lipid
membranes.
In
immune
cells,
divalent
cations
such
as
calcium,
magnesium,
zinc
have
important
roles
second
messengers
to
regulate
intracellular
signaling
pathways.
By
contrast,
monovalent
sodium
potassium
mainly
membrane
potential,
which
indirectly
controls
influx
calcium
cell
signaling.
Studies
investigating
human
patients
with
mutations
in
ion
transporters,
analysis
gene-targeted
mice,
or
pharmacological
experiments
channel
inhibitors
revealed
ionic
signals
lymphocyte
development
innate
adaptive
responses.
We
here
review
mechanisms
underlying
function
lymphocytes
cells
discuss
their
development,
responses,
autoimmunity,
well
recent
efforts
develop
for
immunomodulatory
therapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: Aug. 18, 2015
Our
body
handles
tissue
damage
by
activating
the
immune
system
in
response
to
intracellular
molecules
released
injured
tissues
(Damage-Associated
Molecular
Patterns,
DAMPs),
a
similar
way
as
it
detects
molecular
motifs
conserved
pathogens
(pathogen-associated
patterns,
PAMPs).
DAMPs
are
that
have
physiological
role
inside
cell,
but
acquire
additional
functions
when
they
outside
cell:
alert
about
danger,
stimulate
an
inflammatory
response,
and
finally
promote
regeneration
process.
Beside
their
passive
release
dead
cells,
some
can
be
secreted
or
exposed
living
cells
undergoing
life-threatening
stress.
been
linked
inflammation
related
disorders:
hence,
inhibition
of
DAMP-mediated
responses
is
promising
strategy
improve
clinical
management
infection-
injury-elicited
diseases.
However,
important
consider
not
only
danger
signals
also
central
players
repair.
Indeed,
studied
for
healing
after
sterile
infection-associated
inflammation.
This
review
focused
on
two
exemplary
DAMPs,
HMGB1
ATP,
contribution
both
Oncogene,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
36(3), P. 293 - 303
Published: June 20, 2016
Virtually,
all
tumor
cells
as
well
immune
express
plasma
membrane
receptors
for
extracellular
nucleosides
(adenosine)
and
nucleotides
(ATP,
ADP,
UTP,
UDP
sugar
UDP).
The
microenvironment
is
characterized
by
an
unusually
high
concentration
of
ATP
adenosine.
Adenosine
a
major
determinant
the
immunosuppressive
milieu.
Sequential
hydrolysis
catalyzed
CD39
CD73
main
pathway
generation
adenosine
in
interstitium.
Extracellular
mold
both
host
responses.
Depending
on
specific
receptor
activated,
purines
mediate
immunosuppression
or
immunostimulation
side,
growth
stimulation
cytotoxicity
side.
Recent
progress
this
field
providing
key
to
decode
complex
scenario
lay
basis
harness
potential
benefits
therapy.
Preclinical
data
show
that
targeting
adenosine-generating
(that
is,
CD73)
adenosinergic
A2A)
relieves
immunosuppresion
potently
inhibits
growth.
On
other
hand,
experimental
tumors
strongly
inhibited
P2X7
ATP-selective
cancer
cells.
This
review
summarizes
recent
role
played
(purinergic
signaling)
host-tumor
interaction
highlights
novel
therapeutic
options
stemming
from
advances
field.
The Journal of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
199(1), P. 17 - 24
Published: June 19, 2017
Abstract
The
healing
of
cutaneous
wounds
is
dependent
on
the
progression
through
distinct,
yet
overlapping
phases
wound
healing,
including
hemostasis,
inflammation,
proliferation,
and
resolution/remodeling.
failure
these
to
occur
in
a
timely,
progressive
fashion
promotes
pathologic
healing.
macrophage
(MΦ)
has
been
demonstrated
play
critical
role
inflammatory
phase
tissue
repair,
where
its
dynamic
plasticity
allows
this
cell
mediate
both
tissue-destructive
-reparative
functions.
ability
understand
control
initiation
resolution
inflammation
for
treating
There
are
now
host
studies
demonstrating
that
metabolic
epigenetic
regulation
gene
transcription
can
influence
MΦ
wounds.
In
review,
we
highlight
molecular
factors
polarization
physiologic
with
particular
attention
diabetic
