Nature,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
568(7753), P. 505 - 510
Published: March 13, 2019
The
genome
sequences
of
many
species
the
human
gut
microbiome
remain
unknown,
largely
owing
to
challenges
in
cultivating
microorganisms
under
laboratory
conditions.
Here
we
address
this
problem
by
reconstructing
60,664
draft
prokaryotic
genomes
from
3,810
faecal
metagenomes,
geographically
and
phenotypically
diverse
humans.
These
provide
reference
points
for
2,058
newly
identified
species-level
operational
taxonomic
units
(OTUs),
which
represents
a
50%
increase
over
previously
known
phylogenetic
diversity
sequenced
bacteria.
On
average,
OTUs
comprise
33%
richness
28%
abundance
per
individual,
are
enriched
humans
rural
populations.
A
meta-analysis
clinical
gut-microbiome
studies
pinpointed
numerous
disease
associations
OTUs,
have
potential
improve
predictive
models.
Finally,
our
analysis
revealed
that
uncultured
undergone
reduction
has
resulted
loss
certain
biosynthetic
pathways,
may
offer
clues
improving
cultivation
strategies
future.
Draft
metagenomes
populations
enrich
understanding
identifying
two
thousand
new
taxa
associations.
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
80(1), P. 37 - 49
Published: April 2, 2020
In
recent
years,
the
importance
of
gut
microbiota
in
human
health
has
been
revealed
and
many
publications
have
highlighted
its
role
as
a
key
component
physiology.
Owing
to
use
modern
sequencing
approaches,
characterisation
microbiome
healthy
individuals
disease
demonstrated
disturbance
microbiota,
or
dysbiosis,
associated
with
pathological
conditions.
The
establishes
symbiotic
crosstalk
their
host:
commensal
microbes
benefit
from
nutrient-rich
environment
provided
by
produces
hundreds
proteins
metabolites
that
modulate
functions
host,
including
nutrient
processing,
maintenance
energy
homoeostasis
immune
system
development.
Many
bacteria-derived
originate
dietary
sources.
Among
them,
an
important
attributed
derived
bacterial
fermentation
fibres,
namely
SCFA
linking
host
nutrition
intestinal
maintenance.
are
fuels
for
epithelial
cells
(IEC)
regulate
IEC
through
different
mechanisms
proliferation,
differentiation
well
subpopulations
such
enteroendocrine
cells,
impact
motility
strengthen
barrier
metabolism.
Recent
findings
show
SCFA,
particular
butyrate,
also
immuno-modulatory
functions.
this
review,
we
discuss
on
immunity
consequently
health.
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
8(343)
Published: June 15, 2016
The
gut
microbial
community
is
dynamic
during
the
first
3
years
of
life,
before
stabilizing
to
an
adult-like
state.
However,
little
known
about
impact
environmental
factors
on
developing
human
microbiome.
We
report
a
longitudinal
study
microbiome
based
DNA
sequence
analysis
monthly
stool
samples
and
clinical
information
from
39
children,
half
whom
received
multiple
courses
antibiotics
life.
Whereas
most
children
born
by
vaginal
delivery
was
dominated
Bacteroides
species,
four
cesarean
section
20%
vaginally
lacked
in
6
18
months
Longitudinal
sampling,
coupled
with
whole-genome
shotgun
sequencing,
allowed
detection
strain-level
variation
as
well
abundance
antibiotic
resistance
genes.
microbiota
antibiotic-treated
less
diverse
terms
both
bacterial
species
strains,
some
often
single
strains.
In
addition,
we
observed
short-term
composition
changes
between
consecutive
treated
antibiotics.
Antibiotic
genes
carried
chromosomes
showed
peak
after
treatment
followed
sharp
decline,
whereas
mobile
elements
persisted
longer
therapy
ended.
Our
results
highlight
value
high-density
sampling
studies
high-resolution
strain
profiling
for
studying
establishment
response
perturbation
infant
Cells,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 875 - 875
Published: April 3, 2020
Liver
fibrosis
due
to
viral
or
metabolic
chronic
liver
diseases
is
a
major
challenge
of
global
health.
Correlating
with
disease
progression,
key
factor
for
outcome
and
risk
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Despite
different
mechanism
primary
injury
disease-specific
cell
responses,
the
progression
fibrotic
follows
shared
patterns
across
main
etiologies.
Scientific
discoveries
within
last
decade
have
transformed
understanding
mechanisms
fibrosis.
Removal
elimination
causative
agent
such
as
control
cure
infection
has
shown
that
reversible.
However,
reversal
often
occurs
too
slowly
infrequent
avoid
life-threatening
complications
particularly
in
advanced
Thus,
there
huge
unmet
medical
need
anti-fibrotic
therapies
prevent
HCC
development.
while
many
candidate
agents
robust
effects
experimental
animal
models,
their
clinical
trials
been
limited
absent.
no
approved
therapy
exists
In
this
review
we
summarize
cellular
drivers
molecular
fibrogenesis
discuss
impact
development
urgently
needed
therapies.
Engineering,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 71 - 82
Published: Feb. 1, 2017
Trillions
of
microbes
have
evolved
with
and
continue
to
live
on
within
human
beings.
A
variety
environmental
factors
can
affect
intestinal
microbial
imbalance,
which
has
a
close
relationship
health
disease.
Here,
we
focus
the
interactions
between
microbiota
host
in
order
provide
an
overview
role
basic
biological
processes
development
progression
major
diseases
such
as
infectious
diseases,
liver
gastrointestinal
cancers,
metabolic
respiratory
mental
or
psychological
autoimmune
diseases.
We
also
review
important
advances
techniques
associated
research,
DNA
sequencing,
metabonomics,
proteomics
combined
computation-based
bioinformatics.
Current
research
become
much
more
sophisticated
comprehensive.
Therefore,
propose
that
should
host-microbe
interaction
cause-effect
mechanisms,
could
pave
way
understanding
gut
disease,
new
therapeutic
targets
treatment
approaches
clinical
practice.
