The impact of even‐aged and uneven‐aged forest management on regional biodiversity of multiple taxa in European beech forests

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 267 - 278

Published: June 5, 2017

Abstract For managed temperate forests, conservationists and policymakers favour fine‐grained uneven‐aged (UEA) management over more traditional coarse‐grained even‐aged (EA) management, based on the assumption that within‐stand habitat heterogeneity enhances biodiversity. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support this assumption. We investigated for first time how differently grained forest systems affect biodiversity of multiple above‐ below‐ground taxa across spatial scales. sampled 15 animals, plants, fungi bacteria within largest contiguous beech landscape Germany classified them into functional groups. Selected stands have been than a century at different grains. The EA (coarse‐grained management) UEA (fine‐grained) forests are comparable in arrangement, climate soil conditions. These were compared nearby national park unmanaged least 20 years. used diversity accumulation curves compare γ‐diversity Hill numbers 0 D (species richness), 1 (Shannon diversity) 2 (Simpson between systems. Beta was quantified as multiple‐site dissimilarity. Gamma higher one three six (up 77%), while eight showed no difference. Only opposite pattern. Higher also found specialists saproxylic beetles. Between‐stand β‐diversity one‐third (all species) half (forest specialists) all taxa, driven by environmental age‐classes, α‐diversity directional response or specialists. Synthesis applications . Comparing Central European our results show mosaic age‐classes is important regional high heterogeneity. suggest reconsidering current trend replacing forests. Instead, variability stages stand structures should be increased promote landscape‐scale

Language: Английский

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Widespread winners and narrow-ranged losers: Land use homogenizes biodiversity in local assemblages worldwide

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. e2006841 - e2006841

Published: Dec. 4, 2018

Human use of the land (for agriculture and settlements) has a substantial negative effect on biodiversity globally. However, not all species are adversely affected by use, indeed, some benefit from creation novel habitat. Geographically rare may be more negatively than widespread species, but data limitations have so far prevented global multi-clade assessments land-use effects narrow-ranged species. We analyse large, database to show consistent differences in assemblage composition. Compared with natural habitat, assemblages disturbed habitats average, especially urban areas tropics. All else being equal, this result means that human is homogenizing composition across space. Disturbed both reduced abundances increased Our results very important for conservation because typically at higher risk extinction Furthermore, shift also affect ecosystem functioning reducing contribution diversity species' responses environmental changes among local assemblages.

Language: Английский

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The effects of livestock grazing on biodiversity are multi‐trophic: a meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 1298 - 1309

Published: May 5, 2020

Abstract Anthropogenic disturbance has generated a significant loss of biodiversity worldwide and grazing by domestic herbivores is contributing disturbance. Although the effects on plants are commonly explored, here we address potential multi‐trophic animal (e.g. herbivores, pollinators predators). We conducted meta‐analysis 109 independent studies that tested response animals or to livestock relative excluded. Across all animals, exclusion increased abundance diversity, but these were greatest for trophic levels directly dependent plants, such as pollinators. Detritivores only level whose decreased with exclusion. also found number years since was excluded influenced community grazer diversity strongest in temperate climates. These findings synthesise beyond demonstrate indirect impacts multiple community. identified potentially long‐term can have lower consequences biological conservation. highlight inevitable cost global from must be balanced against socio‐economic benefits.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating the precipitous decline of terrestrial European insects: Requirements for a new strategy

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1343 - 1360

Published: March 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Species richness change across spatial scales

Oikos, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 128(8), P. 1079 - 1091

Published: April 20, 2019

Humans have elevated global extinction rates and thus lowered scale species richness. However, there is no a priori reason to expect that losses of richness should always, or even often, trickle down at regional local scales, though this relationship often assumed. Here, we show can modulate our estimates change through time in the face anthropogenic pressures, but not unidirectional way. Instead, magnitude increase, decrease, reverse, be unimodal across spatial scales. Using several case studies, different forms scale‐dependent pressures. For example, Central American corals homogenization pattern, where small largely unchanged time, while larger highly negative. Alternatively, birds North America showed differentiation effect, was again more positive Finally, collated data from heterogeneous set studies taxa measured sites ranging plots entire continents, found variable patterns nevertheless imply complex scale‐dependence taxa. In summary, understanding how biodiversity changing Anthropocene requires an explicit recognition influence scale, conclude with some recommendations for better incorporate into change.

Language: Английский

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Multiple plant diversity components drive consumer communities across ecosystems

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 29, 2019

Humans modify ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide, with negative consequences for ecosystem functioning. Promoting plant diversity is increasingly suggested as a mitigation strategy. However, our mechanistic understanding of how affects the heterotrophic consumer communities remains limited. Here, we disentangle relative importance key components drivers herbivore, predator, parasitoid species richness in experimental forests grasslands. We find that effects on are consistently positive mediated by elevated structural functional communities. The these differs across trophic levels ecosystems, cautioning against ignoring fundamental ecological complexity effects. Importantly, higher trophic-level many cases modifications abundances. In light recently reported drastic declines insect abundances, study identifies important pathways connecting ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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How Soil Biota Drive Ecosystem Stability

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 1057 - 1067

Published: Oct. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Environmental and microbial controls on microbial necromass recycling, an important precursor for soil carbon stabilization

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Abstract There is an emerging consensus that microbial necromass carbon the primary constituent of stable soil carbon, yet controls on stabilization process are unknown. Prior to stabilization, may be recycled by community. We propose efficiency this recycling a critical determinant rates. Here we explore in 27 UK grassland soils using isotope tracing and indicator species analysis. found was unaffected land management. Instead, increased with growth rate necromass, highest low historical precipitation. identified bacterial fungal indicators efficiency, which could used clarify mechanisms. conclude environmental have strong influence recycling, suggest this, turn, influences stabilization.

Language: Английский

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Homogenization of lake cyanobacterial communities over a century of climate change and eutrophication

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 317 - 324

Published: Dec. 8, 2017

Language: Английский

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More is less: net gain in species richness, but biotic homogenization over 140 years

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1650 - 1657

Published: July 31, 2019

Abstract While biodiversity loss continues globally, assessments of regional and local change over time have been equivocal. Here, we assess changes in plant species richness beta diversity 140 years at the level regions within a country. Using 19th‐century flora censuses for 14 Danish as baseline, overcome previous criticisms concerning short series neglect completely altered habitats. We find that composition has changed dramatically directionally across all regions. Substantial losses were more than offset by large gains, resulting net increase The occupancy initially widespread increased, while rare lost terrain. These accompanied strong biotic homogenization; i.e. are similar now they ago. Species declining Denmark found to be decline Northern Europe.

Language: Английский

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