Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

Published: June 22, 2023

The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment scientific literature relevant climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. report recognizes interactions climate, ecosystems biodiversity, human societies, integrates across natural, ecological, social economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together process called resilient development, which enables liveable future for biodiversity humankind. IPCC is leading body assessing science. reports are produced comprehensive, objective transparent ways, ensuring they reflect full range views literature. Novel elements include focused topical assessments, an atlas presenting observed impacts risks from global regional scales. Available as Open Access Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

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Future climate risk from compound events

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 469 - 477

Published: May 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Flood risk and climate change: global and regional perspectives

Hydrological Sciences Journal, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 59(1), P. 1 - 28

Published: Dec. 20, 2013

A holistic perspective on changing rainfall-driven flood risk is provided for the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Economic losses from floods have greatly increased, principally driven by expanding exposure of assets at risk. It has not been possible to attribute rain-generated peak streamflow trends anthropogenic climate change over past several decades. Projected increases in frequency intensity heavy rainfall, based models, should contribute precipitation-generated local flooding (e.g. flash urban flooding). This article assesses literature included IPCC SREX report new published since, includes an assessment changes seven regions considered recent report—Africa, Asia, Central South America, Europe, North Oceania Polar regions. Also considering newer publications, this consistent with finding that impacts characteristics are highly sensitive detailed nature those presently we only low confidence1 numerical projections magnitude or resulting change.Editor D. KoutsoyiannisCitation Kundzewicz, Z.W., et al., 2013. Flood change: global regional perspectives. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 1–28.

Language: Английский

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Climate change impact on flood and extreme precipitation increases with water availability

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Abstract The hydrological cycle is expected to intensify with global warming, which likely increases the intensity of extreme precipitation events and risk flooding. changes, however, often differ from theorized expectation in water‐holding capacity atmosphere warmer conditions, especially when water availability limited. Here, relationships changes flood intensities for end twenty-first century spatial seasonal are quantified. Results show an intensification over all climate regions as dry wet regions. Similarly, there increase availability. connection between becomes stronger become less extreme.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic stresses on the world’s big rivers

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 7 - 21

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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The impacts of climate change on river flood risk at the global scale

Climatic Change, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 134(3), P. 387 - 401

Published: March 5, 2014

This paper presents an assessment of the implications climate change for global river flood risk. It is based on estimation frequency relationships at a grid resolution 0.5 × 0.5°, using hydrological model with scenarios derived from 21 models, together projections future population. Four indicators hazard are calculated; in magnitude and return period peaks, flood-prone population cropland exposed to substantial frequency, generalised measure regional risk combining curves generic damage functions. Under one model, emissions socioeconomic scenario (HadCM3 SRES A1b), 2050 current 100-year would occur least twice as frequently across 40 % globe, approximately 450 million people 430 thousand km2 be doubling increase by 187 over absence change. There strong variability (most adverse impacts Asia), considerable between models. In 2050, range increased exposure models under A1b 31–450 59 cropland, varies −9 +376 %. The region, also mean surface temperature hazard. number caveats analysis; it only, constructed pattern-scaling, precise sensitive some assumptions definition application.

Language: Английский

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Global drivers of future river flood risk

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 381 - 385

Published: Dec. 21, 2015

Language: Английский

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Genetic mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance that translate to crop yield stability

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 237 - 251

Published: March 10, 2015

Language: Английский

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Global projections of river flood risk in a warmer world

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 171 - 182

Published: Dec. 26, 2016

Rising global temperature has put increasing pressure on understanding the linkage between atmospheric warming and occurrence of natural hazards. While Paris Agreement set ambitious target to limiting 1.5°C compared preindustrial levels, scientists are urged explore scenarios for different thresholds quantify ranges socioeconomic impact. In this work, we present a framework estimate economic damage population affected by river floods at scale. It is based modeling cascade involving hydrological, hydraulic impact simulations, makes use state-of-the-art layers hazard, exposure vulnerability 1-km grid resolution. An ensemble seven high-resolution climate projections Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 used derive streamflow simulations in future climate. Those were analyzed assess frequency magnitude their impacts under corresponding 1.5°C, 2°C, 4°C warming. Results indicate clear positive correlation flood risk At warming, countries representing more than 70% gross domestic product will face increases excess 500%. Changes unevenly distributed, with largest Asia, U.S., Europe. contrast, changes statistically not significant most Africa Oceania all considered levels.

Language: Английский

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Flood adaptive traits and processes: an overview

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 206(1), P. 57 - 73

Published: Jan. 7, 2015

Summary Unanticipated flooding challenges plant growth and fitness in natural agricultural ecosystems. Here we describe mechanisms of developmental plasticity metabolic modulation that underpin adaptive traits acclimation responses to waterlogging root systems submergence aerial tissues. This includes insights into processes enhance ventilation submerged organs. At the intersection between metabolism growth, survival strategies have evolved involving an ethylene‐driven gibberellin‐enhanced module regulates Opposing regulation this pathway is facilitated by a subgroup ethylene‐response transcription factors (ERFs), which include members require low O 2 or nitric oxide (NO) conditions for their stabilization. These control genes encoding enzymes required anaerobic as well proteins fine‐tune function turnover. Other at seed, seedling mature stages under are reviewed, findings demonstrating true endurance ability restore following deluge. Finally, highlight molecular obtained from variation domesticated wild species occupy different hydrological niches, emphasizing value understanding efforts stabilize crop yields flood‐prone environments. Contents 57 I. Introduction 58 II. Root acclimations promote aeration 60 III. Regulating reaeration active emergence Rumex palustris Oryza sativa 62 IV. Limiting starvation with gas films underwater photosynthesis 64 V. Key low‐O stress 65 VI. Managing quiescence during 67 VII. After deluge 68 VIII. Perspective 69 Acknowledgements References

Language: Английский

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