The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. nsw154 - nsw154

Published: Oct. 12, 2016

The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy to search for the brain basis emotion. last two decades neuroscience research have brought us brink a paradigm shift in understanding workings brain, however, setting stage revolutionize our what emotions are and how they work. In this article, we begin with structure function there deduce biological might be. answer is brain-based, computational account called theory constructed

Language: Английский

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Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 806 - 812

Published: June 30, 2015

The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes neuroimaging studies resulting limited statistical power, disease heterogeneity and the complex interactions between clinical characteristics morphology. To address this, we meta-analyzed three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging data from 1728 MDD patients 7199 controls 15 research samples worldwide, identify subcortical volumes that robustly discriminate healthy controls. Relative controls, had significantly lower hippocampal (Cohen's d=−0.14, % difference=−1.24). effect was driven by recurrent d=−0.17, difference=−1.44), detected no differences first episode Age onset ⩽21 a smaller hippocampus d=−0.20, difference=−1.85) trend toward amygdala d=−0.11, difference=−1.23) larger lateral ventricles d=0.12, difference=5.11). Symptom severity at study inclusion not any regional volumes. Sample such as mean age, proportion antidepressant users remitted patients, methodological did moderate MDD. Samples higher antipsychotic medication showed caudate compared currently largest worldwide effort robust moderated age versus status.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 117, P. 26 - 64

Published: July 28, 2017

Language: Английский

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Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 75 - 90

Published: April 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Allostatic Load and Its Impact on Health: A Systematic Review

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 90(1), P. 11 - 27

Published: Aug. 14, 2020

Allostatic load refers to the cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events. It involves interaction different physiological systems at varying degrees activity. When environmental challenges exceed individual ability cope, then allostatic overload ensues. is identified by use biomarkers clinical criteria.To summarize current knowledge on its implications based a systematic review literature.PubMed, PsycINFO, Web Science, Cochrane Library were searched from inception December 2019. A manual search literature was also performed, reference lists retrieved articles examined.We considered only studies in which or adequately described assessed either non-clinical adult populations.A total 267 original investigations included. They encompassed general population studies, as well consequences load/overload both physical mental health across variety settings.The findings indicate that are associated with poorer outcomes. Assessment provides support understanding psychosocial determinants lifestyle medicine. An integrated approach includes biological markers clinimetric criteria recommended.

Language: Английский

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Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 164 - 188

Published: May 31, 2017

The term ‘stress’ – coined in 1936 has many definitions, but until now lacked a theoretical foundation. Here we present an information-theoretic approach based on the ‘free energy principle’ defining essence of stress; namely, uncertainty. We address three questions: What is uncertainty? does it do to us? are our resources master it? Mathematically speaking, uncertainty entropy or ‘expected surprise’. rests upon fact that self-organizing biological agents resist tendency disorder and must therefore minimize their sensory states. Applied everyday life, this means feel uncertain, when anticipate outcomes will turn out be something other than expected unable avoid surprise. As all cognitive systems strive reduce about future outcomes, they face critical constraint: Reducing requires cerebral energy. characteristic vertebrate brain prioritize its own high captured by notion ‘selfish brain’. Accordingly, times uncertainty, selfish demands extra from body. If, despite this, cannot persistent crisis may develop, burdening individual ‘allostatic load’ contributes systemic malfunction (impaired memory, atherogenesis, diabetes subsequent cardio- cerebrovascular events). Based basic tenet stress originates discuss strategies uses surprise thereby resolve

Language: Английский

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Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6493)

Published: May 21, 2020

Social animals need connection Much research over the past decade or so has revealed that health and lifespan in humans, highly social animals, are reduced with adversity. We humans not only social, however, similar shown other mammals similarly influenced by isolation Snyder-Mackler et al. reviewed relationships between environment many aspects of well-being across nonhuman investigated similarities these patterns humans. They found same threats responses mammals. Science , this issue p. eaax9553

Language: Английский

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Review on Psychological Stress Detection Using Biosignals

IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 440 - 460

Published: July 9, 2019

This review investigates the effects of psychological stress on human body measured through biosignals. When a potentially threatening stimulus is perceived, cascade physiological processes occurs mobilizing and nervous system to confront imminent threat ensure effective adaptation. Biosignals that can be reliably in relation such stressors include (EEG, ECG, EDA, EMG) physical measures (respiratory rate, speech, skin temperature, pupil size, eye activity). A fundamental objective this area psychophysiological research establish reliable biosignal indices reveal underlying mechanisms response. Motivated by lack comprehensive guidelines relationship between multitude features used literature their corresponding behaviour during stress, paper, impact multiple bodily responses surveyed. Emphasis put efficiency, robustness consistency data across current state knowledge detection. It also explored multimodal analysis modelling methods for deriving accurate correlates. paper aims provide patterns caused conditions practical towards more efficient detection stress.

Language: Английский

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How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. 409 - 418

Published: Jan. 31, 2017

Language: Английский

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Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental and Relational Health in a Statewide Sample

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 173(11), P. e193007 - e193007

Published: Sept. 9, 2019

Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risks for adult depression, poor mental health, insufficient social emotional support have been documented. Less is known about how positive (PCEs) co-occur with may modulate the effect of ACEs on relational health.To evaluate associations adult-reported PCEs (1) depression and/or health (D/PMH) (2) (ARSES) across exposure levels.Data were from cross-sectional 2015 Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, a random digit-dial telephone survey noninstitutionalized adults 18 years older (n = 6188). Data weighted to be representative entire population in 2015. analyzed September 2016 January 2019.The definition D/PMH includes diagnosis (ever) 14 or more days past month. The 7 interpersonal family, friends, school/the community. Standard Survey ARSES variables used.In sample (50.7% women; 84.9% white), adjusted odds 72% lower (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.21-0.39) reporting 6 vs 0 2 (12.6% 48.2%). Odds 50% 0.50; 0.36-0.69) those 3 5 (25.1% similar magnitude 1, 3, 4 8 ACEs. that reported "always" variable 3.53 times (95% 2.60-4.80) greater PCEs. not significant. PCE remained stable each level when controlling ARSES.Positive show dose-response after accounting proactive promotion children reduce risk promote health. Joint assessment better target needs interventions enable focus building strengths well-being. Findings prioritizing possibilities foster safe, nurturing relationships consider outcomes experiences.

Language: Английский

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