Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(5), P. 782 - 799

Published: March 3, 2022

Social determinants of health (SDoH), which encompass the economic, social, environmental, and psychosocial factors that influence health, play a significant role in development cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as well CVD morbidity mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic current social justice movement sparked by death George Floyd have laid bare long-existing inequities our society driven SDoH. Despite recent focus on these structural drivers disparities, impact SDoH outcomes remains understudied incompletely understood. To further investigate mechanisms connecting CVD, ultimately design targeted effective interventions, it is important to foster interdisciplinary efforts incorporate translational, epidemiological, clinical research examining SDoH-CVD relationships. This review aims facilitate coordination intervention providing an evidence-based framework for rooted lived experiences marginalized populations. Our highlights critical structural/socioeconomic, most strongly associated with explores several underlying biologic pathogenesis, including excess stress hormones, inflammation, immune cell function, cellular aging. We present landmark studies findings about framework, careful consideration constructs measures utilized. Finally, we provide roadmap future focused individual, clinical, policy approaches directed towards developing multilevel community-engaged interventions promote health.

Language: Английский

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Hallmarks of Health

Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 184(1), P. 33 - 63

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial signal transduction

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 1620 - 1653

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue the processor cell, together with nucleus other they constitute mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, (1) sense respond to both endogenous environmental inputs through morphological functional remodeling; (2) integrate network-based physical interactions diffusion mechanisms; (3) produce output signals tune functions systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, local or systemic enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on signal transduction emphasizes role communication in biology. framework also opens new avenues understand how mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.

Language: Английский

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Resilience during uncertainty? Greater social connectedness during COVID‐19 lockdown is associated with reduced distress and fatigue

British Journal of Health Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 553 - 569

Published: Oct. 25, 2020

Social connections are crucial for our health and well-being. This is especially true during times of high uncertainty distress, such as the COVID-19 lockdown. period was characterized by unprecedented physical distancing (often communicated social distancing) measures resulting in significant changes to people's usual lives. Given potential effects this disruption on well-being, it identify factors which associated with negative outcomes, conversely, those that promote resilience adversity.We examined relationship between individuals' levels connectedness lockdown self-reported stress, worry, fatigue.Survey data were collected from 981 individuals a representative sample Austrian citizens. Data collection occurred last week six-week nationwide due pandemic. The final consisted 902 participants. Participants asked complete validated questionnaires assess well perceived worry-both general specific-and symptoms fatigue previous two weeks.Our results demonstrate greater lower COVID-19-specific worries. Furthermore, we found connectedness, mediated feelings worries, worries-respectively, indicating smaller network sizes, who highly distressed pandemic, also likely report feeling more fatigued.Our findings highlight important role play promoting buffering against mental particularly adversity adversity.

Language: Английский

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The default network of the human brain is associated with perceived social isolation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Abstract Humans survive and thrive through social exchange. Yet, dependency also comes at a cost. Perceived isolation, or loneliness, affects physical mental health, cognitive performance, overall life expectancy, increases vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias. Despite severe consequences on behavior the neural basis of loneliness remains elusive. Using UK Biobank population imaging-genetics cohort ( n = ~40,000, aged 40–69 years when recruited, mean age 54.9), we test for signatures in grey matter morphology, intrinsic functional coupling, fiber tract microstructure. The loneliness-linked neurobiological profiles converge collection brain regions known as ‘default network’. This higher associative network shows more consistent associations volume than other cortical networks. Lonely individuals display stronger communication default network, greater microstructural integrity its fornix pathway. findings fit with possibility that up-regulation these circuits supports mentalizing, reminiscence imagination fill void.

Language: Английский

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High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild baboons

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 6, 2021

Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However, within populations, biological aging rates vary. Understanding sources of variation in this process central to understanding the biodemography natural populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age predictor an intensively studied wild baboon population Kenya. Consistent with findings humans, resulting 'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but individuals are predicted be somewhat older or younger than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations not explained by strongest predictors lifespan population, early adversity and social integration. Instead, they best male dominance rank: high-ranking males true ages, epigenetic changes rank over time. Our results argue that achieving high baboons - reproductive success imposes costs consistent 'live fast, die young' life-history strategy.For most animals, one health survival, at same rate. In fact, animals species can have different 'biological ages' even when lived number years. humans other mammals shows up chemical modifications as methylation marks. Some researchers call marks 'epigenetic', which literally means 'upon genes'. And some change so combined pattern often called ‘epigenetic clock’. Environmental stressors, such smoking lack physical activity, make clock ‘tick’ faster, making appear expected based on actual These ‘biologically older’ may also experience higher risk age-related disease. Studies revealed reasons behind fast aging, it unclear whether apply wild. It possible life events trigger clock, affecting adulthood. primates, example, has effects fertility survival. Low status negative effect health. To find out experiences environment affect Anderson, Johnston et al. tracked baboons. This clocks strong neither nor strength bonds affected rate ticked. was competition had dramatic clock’s speed. Samples taken times during lives showed sped slowed down moved ladder, reflecting recent experiences, rather lives. On average, measurements overestimated years alpha almost year, showing fighting top comes cost. study highlights way influence aging. The next step understand how ways attain status. could help who evolution interactions environmental conditions survival reproduction. provide insight into human

Language: Английский

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The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 10 - 27

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Longevity leap: mind the healthspan gap

npj Regenerative Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Life expectancy has increased by three decades since the mid-twentieth century. Parallel healthspan expansion however not followed, largely impeded pandemic of chronic diseases afflicting a growing older population. The lag in quality life is recognized challenge that calls for prioritization disease-free longevity. Contemporary communal, clinical and research trends aspiring to extend health horizon are here outlined context an evolving epidemiology. A shared action integrating public societal endeavors with emerging interventions target age-related multimorbidity frailty needed. multidimensional buildout curative perspective, boosted modern anti-senescent regenerative technology augmented decision making, would require dedicated resources cost-effective validation responsibly bridge healthspan-lifespan gap future equitable global wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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Sociability as a personality trait in animals: methods, causes and consequences

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 97(2), P. 802 - 816

Published: Dec. 10, 2021

Within animal populations there is variation among individuals in their tendency to be social, where more sociable associate with other individuals. Consistent inter-individual 'sociability' considered one of the major axes personality animals along aggressiveness, activity, exploration and boldness. Not only sociability important terms personalities, but it holds particular significance for, can informed by, two topics interest: social networks collective behaviour. Further, knowledge what generates behaviour also applied implications, such as understanding disorders humans. In turn, research using non-human genetics, neuroscience physiology these inform our sociability. For first time, this review brings together insights across areas research, taxa from primates invertebrates, studies both laboratory field. We show are mixed results whether how correlates behavioural traits. Whether direction correlations observed may differ individual traits sex body condition, well ecological conditions. A large evidence provides proximate mechanisms for why vary tendency. Evidence exists importance genes expression, chemical messengers, interactions environment determining an individual's tendency, although specifics species variables age, amongst factors. Less understood evolution maintain consistent tendencies within populations. Shifts benefits costs over niche hypothesis, currently best supported theories evolve maintained Increased exposure infectious diseases documented cost a greater include access socially transmitted information. highlight that direct being safer predators lacking. Variation likely have broad consequences, beyond its spread diseases, limited few examples related dispersal invasive biology. Overall, highly skewed towards mechanisms. Our demonstrates, however, considering greatly enriches sociability, highlighting need integration approaches into future address imbalance trait.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 26, 2021

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic in 2020. In response, most countries world implemented lockdowns, restricting their population's movements, work, education, gatherings, and general activities attempt to “flatten curve” of COVID-19 cases. public health goal lockdowns was save population from cases deaths, prevent overwhelming care systems with patients. this narrative review I explain why changed my mind about supporting lockdowns. initial modeling predictions induced fear crowd-effects (i.e., groupthink). Over time, important information emerged relevant modeling, including lower infection fatality rate (median 0.23%), clarification high-risk groups (specifically, those 70 years age older), herd immunity thresholds (likely 20–40% immunity), difficult exit strategies. addition, on significant collateral damage due response pandemic, adversely affecting many millions people poverty, food insecurity, loneliness, unemployment, school closures, interrupted healthcare. Raw numbers deaths were interpret, may be tempered by placing number proper context perspective relative background rates. Considering information, a cost-benefit analysis finds that are far more harmful (at least 5–10 times so terms wellbeing years) than can be. Controversies objections main points made considered addressed. Progress depends considering trade-offs discussed here determine populations. close some suggestions for moving forward, focused protection truly at high risk, opening schools, building back better economy.

Language: Английский

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