Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Sept. 6, 2019
Tumor
neoantigen
is
the
truly
foreign
protein
and
entirely
absent
from
normal
human
organs/tissues.
It
could
be
specifically
recognized
by
neoantigen-specific
T
cell
receptors
(TCRs)
in
context
of
major
histocompatibility
complexes
(MHCs)
molecules.
Emerging
evidence
has
suggested
that
neoantigens
play
a
critical
role
tumor-specific
cell-mediated
antitumor
immune
response
successful
cancer
immunotherapies.
From
theoretical
perspective,
an
ideal
immunotherapy
target
because
they
are
distinguished
germline
as
non-self
host
system.
Neoantigen-based
therapeutic
personalized
vaccines
adoptive
transfer
have
shown
promising
preliminary
results.
Furthermore,
recent
studies
significant
escape,
immunoediting,
sensitivity
to
checkpoint
inhibitors.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
summarize
advances
understanding
identification
its
on
current
We
also
discuss
ongoing
development
strategies
based
future
clinical
applications.
Genes & Development,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
32(19-20), P. 1267 - 1284
Published: Oct. 1, 2018
The
presence
of
inflammatory
immune
cells
in
human
tumors
raises
a
fundamental
question
oncology:
How
do
cancer
avoid
the
destruction
by
attack?
In
principle,
tumor
development
can
be
controlled
cytotoxic
innate
and
adaptive
cells;
however,
as
develops
from
neoplastic
tissue
to
clinically
detectable
tumors,
evolve
different
mechanisms
that
mimic
peripheral
tolerance
order
tumoricidal
attack.
Here,
we
provide
an
update
recent
accomplishments,
unifying
concepts,
future
challenges
study
tumor-associated
cells,
with
emphasis
on
metastatic
carcinomas.
Journal of Cellular Physiology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
234(6), P. 8509 - 8521
Published: Nov. 22, 2018
CD8+
cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
(CTLs)
are
preferred
immune
cells
for
targeting
cancer.
During
cancer
progression,
CTLs
encounter
dysfunction
and
exhaustion
due
to
immunerelated
tolerance
immunosuppression
within
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
with
all
favor
adaptive
immune-resistance.
Cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
macrophage
type
2
(M2)
cells,
regulatory
(Tregs)
could
make
immunologic
barriers
against
CD8
+
cell-mediated
antitumor
responses.
Thus,
needed
be
primed
activated
toward
effector
in
a
process
called
immunity
cycle
making
durable
efficient
The
cell
priming
is
directed
essentially
as
corroboration
work
between
of
innate
including
dendritic
(DCs)
natural
killer
(NK)
CD4
adoptive
immunity.
Upon
activation,
infiltrate
core
or
invading
site
(so-called
infiltrated-inflamed
[I-I]
TME)
take
essential
roles
killing
cells.
Exogenous
reactivation
and/or
can
possible
using
rational
immunotherapy
strategies.
increase
ratio
costimulatory
coinhibitory
mediators
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
approach.
Programmed
death-1
receptor
(PD-1)-ligand
(PD-L1)
CTL-associated
antigen
4
(CTLA-4)
receptors
that
targeted
relieving
renewing
their
priming,
respectively,
thereby
eliminating
antigen-expressing
Due
diverse
relation
Tregs,
Treg
activity
dampened
increasing
number
rescuing
functional
potential
induce
immunosensitivity
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Jan. 21, 2022
Antibodies
targeting
programmed
cell
death
protein-1
(PD-1)
or
its
ligand
PD-L1
rescue
T
cells
from
exhausted
status
and
revive
immune
response
against
cancer
cells.
Based
on
the
immense
success
in
clinical
trials,
ten
α-PD-1
(nivolumab,
pembrolizumab,
cemiplimab,
sintilimab,
camrelizumab,
toripalimab,
tislelizumab,
zimberelimab,
prolgolimab,
dostarlimab)
three
α-PD-L1
antibodies
(atezolizumab,
durvalumab,
avelumab)
have
been
approved
for
various
types
of
cancers.
Nevertheless,
low
rate
α-PD-1/PD-L1
therapy
remains
to
be
resolved.
For
most
patients,
PD-1/PD-L1
pathway
is
not
sole
speed-limiting
factor
antitumor
immunity,
it
insufficient
motivate
effective
by
blocking
axis.
It
has
validated
that
some
combination
therapies,
including
plus
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
angiogenesis
inhibitors,
targeted
therapy,
other
checkpoint
agonists
co-stimulatory
molecule,
stimulator
interferon
genes
agonists,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation,
epigenetic
modulators,
metabolic
superior
efficacies
higher
rates.
Moreover,
bifunctional
bispecific
containing
moiety
also
elicited
more
potent
activity.
These
strategies
simultaneously
boost
multiple
processes
cancer-immunity
cycle,
remove
immunosuppressive
brakes,
orchestrate
an
immunosupportive
tumor
microenvironment.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
synergistic
mechanisms
with
therapies.
focused
advances
α-PD-1/PD-L1-based
immunomodulatory
studies.
Given
heterogeneity
across
patients
types,
individualized
selection
could
improve
effects
relieve
treatment
resistance.
Nucleic Acids Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
48(W1), P. W488 - W493
Published: March 25, 2020
Abstract
SynergyFinder
(https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi)
is
a
stand-alone
web-application
for
interactive
analysis
and
visualization
of
drug
combination
screening
data.
Since
its
first
release
in
2017,
has
become
widely
used
web-tool
both
the
discovery
novel
synergistic
combinations
pre-clinical
model
systems
(e.g.
cell
lines
or
primary
patient-derived
cells),
better
understanding
mechanisms
treatment
efficacy
resistance.
Here,
we
describe
latest
version
(release
2.0),
which
extensively
been
upgraded
through
addition
features
supporting
especially
higher-order
data
analytics
exploratory
multi-drug
synergy
patterns,
along
with
automated
outlier
detection
procedure,
extended
curve-fitting
functionality
statistical
replicate
measurements.
A
number
additional
improvements
were
also
implemented
based
on
user
requests,
including
new
export
options,
updated
interface,
as
well
enhanced
stability
performance
web-tool.
With
these
improvements,
2.0
expected
to
greatly
extend
potential
applications
various
areas
combinatorial
precision
medicine.
