Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
40(1), P. 45 - 74
Published: April 26, 2022
The
transformative
success
of
antibodies
targeting
the
PD-1
(programmed
death
1)/B7-H1
(B7
homolog
1)
pathway
(anti-PD
therapy)
has
revolutionized
cancer
treatment.
However,
only
a
fraction
patients
with
solid
tumors
and
some
hematopoietic
malignancies
respond
to
anti-PD
therapy,
reason
for
failure
in
other
is
less
known.
By
dissecting
mechanisms
underlying
this
resistance,
current
studies
reveal
that
tumor
microenvironment
major
location
resistance
occur.
Furthermore,
appear
be
highly
heterogeneous.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
human
data
identifying
therapy.
We
review
evidence
immune-based
such
as
loss
neoantigens,
defects
antigen
presentation
interferon
signaling,
immune
inhibitory
molecules,
exclusion
T
cells.
also
clinical
emerging
alterations
metabolism,
microbiota,
epigenetics.
Finally,
strategies
overcome
therapy
emphasize
need
develop
additional
immunotherapies
based
on
concept
normalization
immunotherapy.
Journal of Cellular Physiology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
234(6), P. 8509 - 8521
Published: Nov. 22, 2018
CD8+
cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
(CTLs)
are
preferred
immune
cells
for
targeting
cancer.
During
cancer
progression,
CTLs
encounter
dysfunction
and
exhaustion
due
to
immunerelated
tolerance
immunosuppression
within
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
with
all
favor
adaptive
immune-resistance.
Cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
macrophage
type
2
(M2)
cells,
regulatory
(Tregs)
could
make
immunologic
barriers
against
CD8
+
cell-mediated
antitumor
responses.
Thus,
needed
be
primed
activated
toward
effector
in
a
process
called
immunity
cycle
making
durable
efficient
The
cell
priming
is
directed
essentially
as
corroboration
work
between
of
innate
including
dendritic
(DCs)
natural
killer
(NK)
CD4
adoptive
immunity.
Upon
activation,
infiltrate
core
or
invading
site
(so-called
infiltrated-inflamed
[I-I]
TME)
take
essential
roles
killing
cells.
Exogenous
reactivation
and/or
can
possible
using
rational
immunotherapy
strategies.
increase
ratio
costimulatory
coinhibitory
mediators
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
approach.
Programmed
death-1
receptor
(PD-1)-ligand
(PD-L1)
CTL-associated
antigen
4
(CTLA-4)
receptors
that
targeted
relieving
renewing
their
priming,
respectively,
thereby
eliminating
antigen-expressing
Due
diverse
relation
Tregs,
Treg
activity
dampened
increasing
number
rescuing
functional
potential
induce
immunosensitivity
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(1), P. e000337 - e000337
Published: March 1, 2020
Cells
succumbing
to
stress
via
regulated
cell
death
(RCD)
can
initiate
an
adaptive
immune
response
associated
with
immunological
memory,
provided
they
display
sufficient
antigenicity
and
adjuvanticity.
Moreover,
multiple
intracellular
microenvironmental
features
determine
the
propensity
of
RCD
drive
immunity.
Here,
we
provide
updated
operational
definition
immunogenic
(ICD),
discuss
key
factors
that
dictate
ability
dying
cells
response,
summarize
experimental
assays
are
currently
available
for
assessment
ICD
in
vitro
vivo,
formulate
guidelines
their
interpretation.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 15, 2018
Immune
checkpoints
consist
of
inhibitory
and
stimulatory
pathways
that
maintain
self-tolerance
assist
with
immune
response.
In
cancer,
checkpoint
are
often
activated
to
inhibit
the
nascent
anti-tumor
therapies
act
by
blocking
or
stimulating
these
enhance
body’s
immunological
activity
against
tumors.
Cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte-associated
molecule-4
(CTLA-4),
programmed
cell
death
receptor-1
(PD-1),
ligand-1(PD-L1)
most
widely
studied
recognized
pathways.
Drugs
currently
utilized
for
a
wide
variety
malignancies
have
demonstrated
durable
clinical
activities
in
subset
cancer
patients.
This
approach
is
rapidly
extending
beyond
CTLA-4
PD-1/PD-L1.
New
under
investigation,
drugs
LAG-3,
TIM-3,
TIGIT,
VISTA,
B7/H3
being
investigated.
Furthermore,
agonists
such
as
OX40,
ICOS,
GITR,
4-1BB,
CD40,
molecules
targeting
tumor
microenvironment
components
like
IDO
TLR
investigation.
this
article,
we
provided
comprehensive
review
involved
immunotherapy,
discuss
their
mechanisms
therapeutic
interventions
investigation
phase
I/II
trials.
We
also
reviewed
limitations,
toxicities,
challenges
outline
possible
future
research
directions.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Oct. 7, 2021
Abstract
Myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs)
are
a
heterogenic
population
of
immature
myeloid
with
immunosuppressive
effects,
which
undergo
massive
expansion
during
tumor
progression.
These
not
only
support
immune
escape
directly
but
also
promote
invasion
via
various
non-immunological
activities.
Besides,
this
group
proved
to
impair
the
efficiency
current
antitumor
strategies
such
as
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
and
immunotherapy.
Therefore,
MDSCs
considered
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
cancer
therapy.
Treatment
targeting
have
shown
promising
outcomes
in
both
preclinical
studies
clinical
trials
when
administrated
alone,
or
combination
other
anticancer
therapies.
In
review,
we
shed
new
light
on
recent
advances
biological
characteristics
functions
MDSCs.
We
hope
propose
an
overview
MDSCs-targeting
therapies
so
provide
ideas
treatment.