Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(2), P. 279 - 308
Published: Dec. 5, 2023
Abstract
Adipose
tissue,
including
white
adipose
tissue
(WAT),
brown
(BAT),
and
beige
is
vital
in
modulating
whole-body
energy
metabolism.
While
WAT
primarily
stores
energy,
BAT
dissipates
as
heat
for
thermoregulation.
Beige
a
hybrid
form
of
that
shares
characteristics
with
BAT.
Dysregulation
metabolism
linked
to
various
disorders,
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
cardiovascular
diseases,
cancer,
infertility.
Both
adipocytes
secrete
multiple
molecules,
such
batokines,
packaged
extracellular
vesicles
or
soluble
signaling
molecules
play
autocrine,
paracrine,
endocrine
roles.
A
greater
understanding
the
adipocyte
secretome
essential
identifying
novel
molecular
targets
treating
metabolic
disorders.
Additionally,
microRNAs
show
crucial
roles
regulating
differentiation
function,
highlighting
their
potential
biomarkers
The
browning
has
emerged
promising
therapeutic
approach
obesity
associated
Many
agents
have
been
identified,
nanotechnology-based
drug
delivery
systems
developed
enhance
efficacy.
This
review
scrutinizes
differences
between
white,
brown,
tissues,
mechanisms
involved
development
adipocytes,
significant
regulatory
active
different
tissues.
Finally,
atherosclerosis,
relationship
cancer
fertility
crosstalk
circadian
system
disorders
are
also
investigated.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(10), P. 3570 - 3570
Published: May 18, 2020
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
has
recognized
obesity
as
one
of
the
top
ten
threats
to
human
health.
It
is
estimated
that
number
obese
and
overweight
people
worldwide
exceeds
those
who
are
undernourished.
Obesity
not
only
a
state
abnormally
increased
adipose
tissue
in
body,
but
also
release
biologically
active
adipokines.
Adipokines
released
into
circulating
blood,
due
their
specific
receptors
on
surface
target
cells,
act
classic
hormones
affecting
metabolism
tissues
organs.
What
more,
adipokines
cytokines
may
decrease
insulin
sensitivity
induce
inflammation
development
chronic
complications.
Certainly,
it
can
be
stated
an
era
global
pandemic,
gain
more
importance
regards
use
diagnostic
evaluation
treatment
diseases.
An
extensive
search
for
materials
role
white,
brown
perivascular
fatty
obesity-related
metabolic
complications
was
conducted
online
using
PubMed,
Cochrane
database
Embase.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
134, P. 111017 - 111017
Published: Dec. 17, 2020
Myricetin(MYR)
is
a
flavonoid
compound
widely
found
in
many
natural
plants
including
bayberry.
So
far,
MYR
has
been
proven
to
have
multiple
biological
functions
and
it
with
promising
research
development
prospects.
This
review
comprehensively
retrieved
collected
the
latest
pharmacological
abstracts
on
MYR,
discussed
potential
molecular
mechanisms
of
its
effects.
The
results
our
indicated
that
therapeutic
effect
diseases,
tumors
different
types,
inflammatory
atherosclerosis,
thrombosis,
cerebral
ischemia,
diabetes,
Alzheimer's
disease
pathogenic
microbial
infections.
Furthermore,
regulates
expression
Hippo,
MAPK,
GSK-3β,
PI3K/AKT/mTOR,
STAT3,
TLR,
IκB/NF-κB,
Nrf2/HO-1,
ACE,
eNOS
/
NO,
AChE
BrdU/NeuN.
also
enhances
immunomodulatory
functions,
suppresses
cytokine
storms,
improves
cardiac
dysfunction,
possesses
an
antiviral
potential,
can
be
used
as
adjuvant
treatment
against
cancer,
cardiovascular
injury
nervous
system
may
drug
COVID-19
other
viral
Generally,
this
article
provides
theoretical
basis
for
clinical
application
reference
further
use.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: March 11, 2019
During
the
last
40
years,
there
has
been
a
world-wide
increase
in
both
prevalence
of
obesity
and
an
number
persons
over
age
60
due
to
decline
deaths
from
infectious
disease
nutrition
transition
low
middle
income
nations.
While
elderly
population
indicates
improvements
global
public
health,
this
may
experience
diminished
quality
life
negative
impacts
on
age-associated
inflammation.
Aging
alters
adipose
tissue
composition
function
resulting
insulin
resistance
ectopic
lipid
storage.
A
reduction
brown
activity,
declining
sex
hormones
levels,
abdominal
expansion
occur
with
advancing
years
through
redistribution
lipids
subcutaneous
visceral
fat
compartment.
These
changes
distribution
influence
secretion
derived
hormones,
or
adipokines,
that
promote
chronic
state
low-grade
systemic
Ultimately,
accelerates
aging
by
enhancing
inflammation
increasing
risk
diseases.
The
focus
review
is
impact
how
these
effects
elaboration
pro
anti-inflammatory
adipokines.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
99(4), P. 1701 - 1763
Published: July 24, 2019
Obesity
is
increasingly
prevalent
and
associated
with
substantial
cardiovascular
risk.
Adipose
tissue
distribution
morphology
play
a
key
role
in
determining
the
degree
of
adverse
effects,
factor
disease
process
appears
to
be
inflammatory
cell
population
adipose
tissue.
Healthy
secretes
number
vasoactive
adipokines
anti-inflammatory
cytokines,
changes
this
secretory
profile
will
contribute
pathogenesis
obesity.
In
review,
we
discuss
links
between
adipokine
dysregulation
development
hypertension
diabetes
explore
potential
for
manipulating
its
immune
improve
health
Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
129(10), P. 4032 - 4040
Published: Sept. 8, 2019
Obesity
originates
from
an
imbalance
between
caloric
intake
and
energy
expenditure
that
promotes
adipose
tissue
expansion,
which
is
necessary
to
buffer
nutrient
excess.
Patients
with
higher
visceral
fat
mass
are
at
a
risk
of
developing
severe
complications
such
as
type
2
diabetes
cardiovascular
liver
diseases.
However,
increased
does
not
fully
explain
obesity's
propensity
promote
metabolic
With
chronic
obesity,
undergoes
major
remodeling,
can
ultimately
result
in
unresolved
inflammation
leading
fibrosis
accumulation.
These
features
drive
local
damage
initiate
and/or
maintain
multiorgan
dysfunction.
Here,
we
review
the
current
understanding
remodeling
focus
on
obesity-induced
its
relevance
clinical
manifestations.
Molecular Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
34, P. 27 - 42
Published: Jan. 7, 2020
The
diminished
glucose
lowering
effect
of
insulin
in
obesity,
called
"insulin
resistance,"
is
associated
with
intolerance,
type
2
diabetes,
and
other
serious
maladies.
Many
publications
on
this
topic
have
suggested
numerous
hypotheses
the
molecular
cellular
disruptions
that
contribute
to
syndrome.
However,
significant
uncertainty
remains
mechanisms
its
initiation
long-term
maintenance.
To
simplify
resistance
analysis,
review
focuses
unifying
concept
adipose
tissue
a
central
regulator
systemic
homeostasis
by
controlling
liver
skeletal
muscle
metabolism.
Key
aspects
function
related
reviewed
are:
1)
modes
which
specific
tissues
control
hepatic
output
disposal,
2)
recently
acquired
understanding
underlying
these
regulation,
3)
steps
pathways
adversely
affected
obesity
cause
resistance.
Adipocyte
heterogeneity
required
mediate
multiple
tolerance.
White
adipocytes
specialize
sequestering
triglycerides
away
from
liver,
muscle,
limit
toxicity.
In
contrast,
brown/beige
are
very
active
directly
taking
up
response
β
adrenergic
signaling
enhancing
energy
expenditure.
Nonetheless,
white,
beige,
brown
all
share
common
feature
secreting
factors
possibly
exosomes
act
distant
homeostasis.
Obesity
exerts
deleterious
effects
each
adipocyte
functions
