The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1290 - 1290

Published: April 27, 2023

Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims analyze the role adipokines in health disease order understand important functions effects these cytokines. For this aim, delves into type adipocytes cytokines produced, as well their functions; relations diseases such cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, eating behaviors; finally, microbiota, nutrition, physical activity is discussed. This information would allow for better understanding on body organisms.

Language: Английский

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Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(15), P. 5529 - 5529

Published: Aug. 1, 2020

Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in 21st century, since its prevalence widely increased recent years. Childhood intimately related to development several comorbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-congenital cardiovascular chronic inflammation and anemia, among others. Within this tangled interplay between these associated pathological conditions, been closely linked important perturbations iron metabolism. Iron second most abundant metal Earth, but bioavailability hampered by ability form highly insoluble oxides, with deficiency being common nutritional disorder. Although every living organism requires iron, it also cause toxic oxygen damage generating free radicals through Fenton reaction. Thus, homeostasis metabolism must be tightly regulated humans at level (i.e., absorption, storage, transport, recycling). Dysregulation any step involved lead deficiencies and, eventually, anemic state obesity. In review article, we summarize existent evidence role recently described components their alterations

Language: Английский

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Adipose Tissue-Derived Signatures for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipokines, Batokines and MicroRNAs

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 854 - 854

Published: June 14, 2019

Obesity is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It closely related to metabolic disturbances in adipose tissue that primarily functions as a fat reservoir. For this reason, considered primary site initiation and aggravation obesity T2DM. As key endocrine organ, communicates with other organs, such brain, liver, muscle, pancreas, maintenance energy homeostasis. Two different types tissues—the white (WAT) brown (BAT)—secrete bioactive peptides proteins, known “adipokines” “batokines,” respectively. Some them have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, while others harmful inflammatory effects. Recently, “exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)” were identified novel adipokines, tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs can affect organs. In present review, we discuss role adipose-derived secretory factors—adipokines, batokines, miRNA—in will provide new insights into pathophysiological mechanisms involved support development potential therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

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The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 14982 - 14982

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Adipokines are currently widely studied cellular signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue and involved in various processes, including inflammation; energy appetite modulation; lipid glucose metabolism; insulin sensitivity; endothelial cell functioning; angiogenesis; the regulation of blood pressure; hemostasis. The current review attempted to highlight key functions adipokines inflammatory mechanisms obesity, its complications, associated diseases. An extensive search for materials on role pathogenesis obesity was conducted online using PubMed Scopus databases until October 2022.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 3, 2023

Obesity has been associated with oxidative stress. Obese patients are at increased risk for diabetic cognitive dysfunction, indicating a pathological link between obesity, stress, and dysfunction. can induce the biological process of stress by disrupting adipose microenvironment (adipocytes, macrophages), mediating low-grade chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial division, fusion). Furthermore, be implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation neural tissues, lipid metabolism disorders, affecting diabetics.

Language: Английский

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Lipid accumulation product (LAP) index for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 15, 2023

Abstract Background Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an index calculated by waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG), which reflects lipid toxicity. This study aims to investigate the association between LAP nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a systematic review meta-analysis. Methods results PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science online databases were searched for eligible studies that investigated NAFLD. Sixteen observational with 96,101 participants, including four cohort studies, one case‒control 11 cross-sectional baseline data, entered into this analysis. Fourteen reported significant NAFLD, two relation was not significant; different meta-analyses (1- mean difference (MD) 2- bivariate diagnostic test accuracy [DTA]) conducted using Stata version 14. The compared subjects without 34.90 units (CI 95: 30.59–39.31, P < 0.001) index. DTA meta-analysis showed pooled sensitivity specificity screening NAFLD 94% (CI95: 72%–99%, I 2 = 99%, 85% 62%–96%, 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Index inexpensive, sensitive, specific method evaluate may be valuable screening.

Language: Английский

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Obesity-related kidney disease: Beyond hypertension and insulin-resistance

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes considerable morbidity, mortality, and health expenditures worldwide. Obesity is a significant risk factor for CKD development, partially explained by the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus hypertension in obese patients. However, adipocytes also possess potent endocrine functions, secreting myriad cytokines adipokines that contribute to insulin resistance induce chronic low-grade inflammatory state thereby damaging kidney. development itself associated with various metabolic alterations exacerbate adipose tissue dysfunction resistance. This adipose-renal axis major focus current research, given rising incidence obesity. Cellular senescence biologic hallmark aging, age another obesity CKD. An elevated senescent cell burden predicts renal animal models, senotherapies may alleviate these phenotypes. In this review, we discuss direct mechanisms which contributes emphasizing potential clinical importance such pathways augmenting care

Language: Английский

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Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation‑mediating treatment options (Review)

Molecular Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(6)

Published: April 9, 2024

Obesity reaches up to epidemic proportions globally and increases the risk for a wide spectrum of co‑morbidities, including type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disorders osteoarthritis, subfertility, psychosocial problems certain types cancers. The underlying inflammatory mechanisms interconnecting obesity with metabolic dysfunction are not completely understood. Increased adiposity promotes pro‑inflammatory polarization macrophages toward M1 phenotype, in adipose tissue (AT), subsequent increased production cytokines adipokines, inducing therefore an overall, systemic, low‑grade inflammation, which contributes syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) T2DM. Targeting mediators could be alternative therapies treat obesity, but their safety efficacy remains studied further confirmed future clinical trials. present review highlights molecular pathophysiological by chronic inflammation AT reactive oxygen species lead MetS, IR In addition, focus is given on role anti‑inflammatory agents, resolution through blockade chemotactic factors, such as monocytes chemotractant protein‑1, and/or mediators, IL‑1β, TNF‑α, visfatin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, synthesis adiponectin apelin, obesity‑associated dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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The Interplay between Obesity and Inflammation

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 856 - 856

Published: July 8, 2024

Obesity is an important condition affecting the quality of life numerous patients and increasing their associated risk for multiple diseases, including tumors immune-mediated disorders. Inflammation appears to play a major role in development obesity represents central point activity cellular humoral components adipose tissue. Macrophages key as main component tissue regulating chronic inflammation modulating secretion differentiation various pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines. also involves series signaling pathways that might represent focus new therapies interventions. Weight loss essential decreasing cardiometabolic risks degree inflammation; however, latter can persist long after excess weight lost, involve changes macrophage phenotypes ensure metabolic adjustment. A clear understanding pathophysiological processes interplay between lead better comorbidities may future targets treatment obesity.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its link to cancer

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 156004 - 156004

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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