npj Clean Water,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
and
perfluorooctane
sulfonate
(PFOS),
known
as
the
most
detected
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
in
various
environmental
compartments,
have
been
associated
with
plastic
pollution
endocrine
dysfunction.
Over
past
180
years
(1839–2019),
numerous
emerging
contaminants
identified,
PFOA
PFOS
receiving
considerable
attention
based
on
scientific
evidence
publications.
Between
2018
2019,
experienced
a
relatively
high
increase
rate
of
18.8%
13.6%,
respectively.
While
developed
countries
made
progress
establishing
stringent
guidelines,
developing
underdeveloped
often
lack
regulations
mechanisms
to
address
PFAS.
Furthermore,
advancements
PFAS
removal
technologies
are
needed
improve
their
efficacy
feasibility.
The
establishment
regulatory
compliances,
along
exposure
assessment
risk
characterization,
is
essential
for
providing
precautionary
advice
water
source
protection,
supply
security,
health
risks,
treatment
efficiency,
contamination
forecasting.
However,
more
comprehensive
approach
database
evaluating
risks
still
imperative
effectively
combat
drinking
water.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
enhance
monitoring
management
practices
response
global
crisis
contamination.
analysis
Needs,
Approaches,
Benefits,
Challenges
(NABC)
grounded
current
trends
environment
human
through
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
38(4), P. 267 - 296
Published: June 26, 2017
Obesity
is
among
the
most
common
and
costly
chronic
disorders
worldwide.
Estimates
suggest
that
in
United
States
obesity
affects
one-third
of
adults,
accounts
for
up
to
total
mortality,
concentrated
lower
income
groups,
increasingly
children
as
well
adults.
A
lack
effective
options
long-term
weight
reduction
magnifies
enormity
this
problem;
individuals
who
successfully
complete
behavioral
dietary
weight-loss
programs
eventually
regain
lost
weight.
We
included
evidence
from
basic
science,
clinical,
epidemiological
literature
assess
current
knowledge
regarding
mechanisms
underlying
excess
body-fat
accumulation,
biological
defense
fat
mass,
tendency
be
regained.
major
area
emphasis
science
energy
homeostasis,
process
maintains
stability
by
actively
matching
intake
expenditure
over
time.
Growing
suggests
a
disorder
homeostasis
system,
rather
than
simply
arising
passive
accumulation
need
elucidate
"upward
setting"
or
"resetting"
defended
level
whether
inherited
acquired.
The
ongoing
study
how
genetic,
developmental,
environmental
forces
affect
system
will
help
us
better
understand
these
are
therefore
focus
statement.
scientific
goal
pathogenesis
so
inform
treatment,
public
policy,
advocacy,
awareness
ways
ultimately
diminish
its
health
economic
consequences.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
156, P. 106616 - 106616
Published: May 12, 2021
Anthropogenic
chemical
pollution
has
the
potential
to
pose
one
of
largest
environmental
threats
humanity,
but
global
understanding
issue
remains
fragmented.
This
article
presents
a
comprehensive
perspective
threat
emphasising
male
fertility,
cognitive
health
and
food
security.
There
are
serious
gaps
in
our
scale
risks
posed
by
dispersal,
mixture
recombination
chemicals
wider
environment.
Although
some
control
measures
exist
they
often
not
being
adopted
at
rate
needed
avoid
chronic
acute
effects
on
human
now
coming
decades.
is
an
urgent
need
for
enhanced
awareness
scientific
scrutiny
overall
risk
usage,
dispersal
disposal.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
17(6), P. 1503 - 1517
Published: Sept. 5, 2018
Abstract
Bisphenol
A
(BPA)
is
an
industrial
compound
used
extensively
to
produce
synthetic
polymers,
such
as
epoxy
resins,
which
are
incorporated
into
the
inner
coating
of
metal
cans,
and
also
manufacture
polycarbonates
with
applications
in
bottles,
including
bottles
water.
Several
studies
have
reported
on
transfer
this
food.
Regarding
human
exposure
BPA,
food
intake
can
be
considered
most
serious
among
all
routes,
not
only
because
it
potentially
reaches
more
people
different
age
groups
(including
infants,
especially
vulnerable
group),
but
inadvertently
occurs
over
long
time
periods.
BPA
endocrine
disruptor
several
proposed
a
relationship
between
appearance
adverse
health
effects,
cancer,
infertility,
diabetes,
obesity,
others.
In
2015
however,
European
Food
Safety
Authority
concluded
its
last
scientific
opinion
that
does
pose
any
risk
exposed
population's
health.
Therefore,
EU
regards
authorized
product
contact
material.
Although
through
apparently
below
set
limits,
research
potential
negative
effects
still
ongoing.
This
review
contains
recent
vitro
vivo
toxicity
harmful
health,
intends
address
namely
dietary
impact
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 691 - 691
Published: June 27, 2017
Perfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
chemicals
used
to
make
products
stain
and
stick
resistant,
have
been
linked
health
effects
in
adults
adverse
birth
outcomes.
A
growing
body
of
literature
also
addresses
children
exposed
PFAS.
This
review
summarizes
the
epidemiologic
evidence
for
relationships
between
prenatal
and/or
childhood
exposure
PFAS
outcomes
as
well
provide
a
risk
bias
analysis
literature.
systematic
was
performed
by
searching
PubMed
studies
on
child
We
identified
64
inclusion
those
studies.
determined
that
across
low
moderate.
Six
categories
emerged.
These
were:
immunity/infection/asthma,
cardio-metabolic,
neurodevelopmental/attention,
thyroid,
renal,
puberty
onset.
While
there
are
limited
number
any
one
particular
outcome,
is
positive
associations
dyslipidemia,
immunity
(including
vaccine
response
asthma),
renal
function,
age
at
menarche.
One
finding
note
while
PFASs
mixtures
multiple
compounds
few
examine
them
such,
therefore
role
these
complex
remains
largely
unknown.
The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
59(1), P. 89 - 106
Published: July 25, 2018
Obesity
is
a
worldwide
pandemic
in
adults
as
well
children
and
adds
greatly
to
health
care
costs
through
its
association
with
type
2
diabetes,
metabolic
syndrome,
cardiovascular
disease,
cancers.
The
prevailing
medical
view
of
obesity
that
it
results
from
simple
imbalance
between
caloric
intake
energy
expenditure.
However,
numerous
other
factors
are
important
the
etiology
obesity.
obesogen
hypothesis
proposes
environmental
chemicals
termed
obesogens
promote
by
acting
increase
adipocyte
commitment,
differentiation,
size
altering
set
points
or
hormonal
regulation
appetite
satiety.
Many
endocrine
disrupting
interfere
normal
regulation.
Endocrine
abundant
our
environment,
used
everyday
products
food
packaging
fungicides.
In
this
review,
we
explore
evidence
supporting
hypothesis,
gaps
knowledge
currently
preventing
complete
understanding
extent
which
contribute
pandemic.
EFSA Journal,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
17(12)
Published: Dec. 1, 2019
The
EFSA
Panel
on
Food
Contact
Materials,
Enzymes
and
Processing
Aids
(CEP
Panel)
was
asked
by
the
European
Commission
to
update
its
2005
risk
assessments
of
di-butylphthalate
(DBP),
butyl-benzyl-phthalate
(BBP),
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
(DEHP),
di-isononylphthalate
(DINP)
di-isodecylphthalate
(DIDP),
which
are
authorised
for
use
in
plastic
food
contact
material
(FCM).
Dietary
exposure
estimates
(mean
high
(P95))
were
obtained
combining
literature
occurrence
data
with
consumption
from
Comprehensive
Database.
highest
found
DINP,
ranging
0.2
4.3
0.4
7.0
μg/kg
body
weight
(bw)
per
day
mean
consumers,
respectively.
There
not
enough
information
draw
conclusions
how
much
migration
FCM
contributes
dietary
phthalates.
review
toxicological
focused
mainly
reproductive
effects.
CEP
derived
same
critical
effects
individual
tolerable
daily
intakes
(TDIs)
(mg/kg
bw
day)
as
all
phthalates,
i.e.
DBP
(0.01),
BBP
(0.5),
DEHP
(0.05),
liver
DINP
DIDP
(0.15
each).
Based
a
plausible
common
mechanism
(i.e.
reduction
fetal
testosterone)
underlying
DEHP,
BBP,
considered
it
appropriate
establish
group-TDI
these
taking
index
compound
basis
introducing
relative
potency
factors.
noted
that
also
affected
testosterone
levels
at
doses
around
threefold
higher
than
therefore
conservative
include
within
established
be
50
day,
expressed
equivalents.
aggregated
DBP,
estimated
0.9-7.2
1.6-11.7
respectively,
thus
contributing
up
23%
worst-case
scenario.
For
DIDP,
included
group-TDI,
always
below
0.1
far
TDI
150
day.
This
assessment
covers
consumers
any
age,
including
most
sensitive
groups.
limited
scope
mandate
uncertainties
identified,
current
five
individually
collectively,
should
temporary
basis.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
19(6), P. 1647 - 1647
Published: June 2, 2018
Wildlife
has
often
presented
and
suggested
the
effects
of
endocrine
disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs).
Animal
studies
have
given
us
an
important
opportunity
to
understand
mechanisms
action
many
on
system
neurodevelopment
behaviour,
evaluate
doses,
time
duration
exposure.
Although
results
are
sometimes
conflicting
because
confounding
factors,
epidemiological
in
humans
suggest
EDCs
prenatal
growth,
thyroid
function,
glucose
metabolism
obesity,
puberty,
fertility,
carcinogenesis
mainly
through
epigenetic
mechanisms.
This
manuscript
reviews
reports
a
multidisciplinary
national
meeting
this
topic.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: March 14, 2020
Abstract
Bisphenol-A
(BPA)
has
been
reported
to
be
associated
female
infertility.
Indeed,
BPA
found
more
frequently
detected
in
infertile
women
thus
leading
hypothesize
a
possible
effect
of
on
natural
conception
and
spontaneous
fecundity.
In
addition,
procedures
medically
assisted
reproduction
exposure
negatively
with
peak
serum
estradiol
levels
during
gonadotropin
stimulation,
number
retrieved
oocytes,
normally
fertilized
oocytes
implantation.
deleterious
effects
are
critical
perinatal
exposure,
causing
dysregulation
hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian
axis
pups
adults,
precocious
maturation
the
through
damage
GnRH
pulsatility,
signaling
sex
steroid
hormone
production.
Further,
early
lifestage
may
have
transgenerational
predisposing
subsequent
generations
risk
developing
related
disease.
Experimental
studies
suggested
that
prenatal,
postnatal
can
impair
several
steps
ovarian
development,
induce
morphology
rearrangement
function,
particularly
folliculogenesis,
as
well
uterus
adult
animal
offspring.
Finally,
carried
out
models
occurrence
endometriosis-like
lesions
after
exposure.
Moreover,
described
encourage
genesis
PCOS-like
abnormalities
impairment
secretion
hormones
affecting
functions,
folliculogenesis.
The
current
manuscript
summarizes
evidence
regarding
association
between
infertility,
reviewing
both
clinical
preclinical
studies.