Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 267 - 296

Published: June 26, 2017

Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates suggest that in United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to total mortality, concentrated lower income groups, increasingly children as well adults. A lack effective options long-term weight reduction magnifies enormity this problem; individuals who successfully complete behavioral dietary weight-loss programs eventually regain lost weight. We included evidence from basic science, clinical, epidemiological literature assess current knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying excess body-fat accumulation, biological defense fat mass, tendency be regained. major area emphasis science energy homeostasis, process maintains stability by actively matching intake expenditure over time. Growing suggests a disorder homeostasis system, rather than simply arising passive accumulation need elucidate "upward setting" or "resetting" defended level whether inherited acquired. The ongoing study how genetic, developmental, environmental forces affect system will help us better understand these are therefore focus statement. scientific goal pathogenesis so inform treatment, public policy, advocacy, awareness ways ultimately diminish its health economic consequences.

Language: Английский

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Chemical pollution: A growing peril and potential catastrophic risk to humanity

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 106616 - 106616

Published: May 12, 2021

Anthropogenic chemical pollution has the potential to pose one of largest environmental threats humanity, but global understanding issue remains fragmented. This article presents a comprehensive perspective threat emphasising male fertility, cognitive health and food security. There are serious gaps in our scale risks posed by dispersal, mixture recombination chemicals wider environment. Although some control measures exist they often not being adopted at rate needed avoid chronic acute effects on human now coming decades. is an urgent need for enhanced awareness scientific scrutiny overall risk usage, dispersal disposal.

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A: Food Exposure and Impact on Human Health

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1503 - 1517

Published: Sept. 5, 2018

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial compound used extensively to produce synthetic polymers, such as epoxy resins, which are incorporated into the inner coating of metal cans, and also manufacture polycarbonates with applications in bottles, including bottles water. Several studies have reported on transfer this food. Regarding human exposure BPA, food intake can be considered most serious among all routes, not only because it potentially reaches more people different age groups (including infants, especially vulnerable group), but inadvertently occurs over long time periods. BPA endocrine disruptor several proposed a relationship between appearance adverse health effects, cancer, infertility, diabetes, obesity, others. In 2015 however, European Food Safety Authority concluded its last scientific opinion that does pose any risk exposed population's health. Therefore, EU regards authorized product contact material. Although through apparently below set limits, research potential negative effects still ongoing. This review contains recent vitro vivo toxicity harmful health, intends address namely dietary impact

Language: Английский

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Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances and Health Outcomes in Children: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Literature

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 691 - 691

Published: June 27, 2017

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), chemicals used to make products stain and stick resistant, have been linked health effects in adults adverse birth outcomes. A growing body of literature also addresses children exposed PFAS. This review summarizes the epidemiologic evidence for relationships between prenatal and/or childhood exposure PFAS outcomes as well provide a risk bias analysis literature. systematic was performed by searching PubMed studies on child We identified 64 inclusion those studies. determined that across low moderate. Six categories emerged. These were: immunity/infection/asthma, cardio-metabolic, neurodevelopmental/attention, thyroid, renal, puberty onset. While there are limited number any one particular outcome, is positive associations dyslipidemia, immunity (including vaccine response asthma), renal function, age at menarche. One finding note while PFASs mixtures multiple compounds few examine them such, therefore role these complex remains largely unknown.

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A (BPA) and cell signaling pathways

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 311 - 327

Published: Dec. 8, 2017

Language: Английский

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Environmental Obesogens: Mechanisms and Controversies

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 59(1), P. 89 - 106

Published: July 25, 2018

Obesity is a worldwide pandemic in adults as well children and adds greatly to health care costs through its association with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancers. The prevailing medical view of obesity that it results from simple imbalance between caloric intake energy expenditure. However, numerous other factors are important the etiology obesity. obesogen hypothesis proposes environmental chemicals termed obesogens promote by acting increase adipocyte commitment, differentiation, size altering set points or hormonal regulation appetite satiety. Many endocrine disrupting interfere normal regulation. Endocrine abundant our environment, used everyday products food packaging fungicides. In this review, we explore evidence supporting hypothesis, gaps knowledge currently preventing complete understanding extent which contribute pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Update of the risk assessment of di‐butylphthalate (DBP), butyl‐benzyl‐phthalate (BBP), bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di‐isononylphthalate (DINP) and di‐isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) was asked by the European Commission to update its 2005 risk assessments of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP), which are authorised for use in plastic food contact material (FCM). Dietary exposure estimates (mean high (P95)) were obtained combining literature occurrence data with consumption from Comprehensive Database. highest found DINP, ranging 0.2 4.3 0.4 7.0 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day mean consumers, respectively. There not enough information draw conclusions how much migration FCM contributes dietary phthalates. review toxicological focused mainly reproductive effects. CEP derived same critical effects individual tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) (mg/kg bw day) as all phthalates, i.e. DBP (0.01), BBP (0.5), DEHP (0.05), liver DINP DIDP (0.15 each). Based a plausible common mechanism (i.e. reduction fetal testosterone) underlying DEHP, BBP, considered it appropriate establish group-TDI these taking index compound basis introducing relative potency factors. noted that also affected testosterone levels at doses around threefold higher than therefore conservative include within established be 50 day, expressed equivalents. aggregated DBP, estimated 0.9-7.2 1.6-11.7 respectively, thus contributing up 23% worst-case scenario. For DIDP, included group-TDI, always below 0.1 far TDI 150 day. This assessment covers consumers any age, including most sensitive groups. limited scope mandate uncertainties identified, current five individually collectively, should temporary basis.

Language: Английский

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Current Knowledge on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) from Animal Biology to Humans, from Pregnancy to Adulthood: Highlights from a National Italian Meeting

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 1647 - 1647

Published: June 2, 2018

Wildlife has often presented and suggested the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Animal studies have given us an important opportunity to understand mechanisms action many on system neurodevelopment behaviour, evaluate doses, time duration exposure. Although results are sometimes conflicting because confounding factors, epidemiological in humans suggest EDCs prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism obesity, puberty, fertility, carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. This manuscript reviews reports a multidisciplinary national meeting this topic.

Language: Английский

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Biodegradable polymers and their nano-composites for the removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from wastewater: A review

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 111694 - 111694

Published: July 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A: an emerging threat to female fertility

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 14, 2020

Abstract Bisphenol-A (BPA) has been reported to be associated female infertility. Indeed, BPA found more frequently detected in infertile women thus leading hypothesize a possible effect of on natural conception and spontaneous fecundity. In addition, procedures medically assisted reproduction exposure negatively with peak serum estradiol levels during gonadotropin stimulation, number retrieved oocytes, normally fertilized oocytes implantation. deleterious effects are critical perinatal exposure, causing dysregulation hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis pups adults, precocious maturation the through damage GnRH pulsatility, signaling sex steroid hormone production. Further, early lifestage may have transgenerational predisposing subsequent generations risk developing related disease. Experimental studies suggested that prenatal, postnatal can impair several steps ovarian development, induce morphology rearrangement function, particularly folliculogenesis, as well uterus adult animal offspring. Finally, carried out models occurrence endometriosis-like lesions after exposure. Moreover, described encourage genesis PCOS-like abnormalities impairment secretion hormones affecting functions, folliculogenesis. The current manuscript summarizes evidence regarding association between infertility, reviewing both clinical preclinical studies.

Language: Английский

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