Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7
Published: April 20, 2016
The
advent
of
next
generation
sequencing
(NGS)
has
enabled
investigations
the
gut
microbiome
with
unprecedented
resolution
and
throughput.
This
stimulated
development
sophisticated
bioinformatics
tools
to
analyze
massive
amounts
data
generated.
Researchers
therefore
need
a
clear
understanding
key
concepts
required
for
design,
execution
interpretation
NGS
experiments
on
microbiomes.
We
conducted
literature
review
used
our
own
determine
which
approaches
work
best.
two
main
analyzing
microbiome,
16S
ribosomal
RNA
(rRNA)
gene
amplicons
shotgun
metagenomics,
are
illustrated
analyses
libraries
designed
highlight
their
strengths
weaknesses.
Several
methods
taxonomic
classification
bacterial
sequences
discussed.
present
simulations
assess
number
that
perform
reliable
appraisals
community
structure.
To
extent
fluctuations
in
diversity
populations
correlate
health
disease,
we
emphasize
various
techniques
analysis
communities
within
samples
(α-diversity)
between
(β-diversity).
Finally,
demonstrate
infer
metabolic
capabilities
bacteria
from
these
data.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 14 - 14
Published: Jan. 10, 2019
Each
individual
is
provided
with
a
unique
gut
microbiota
profile
that
plays
many
specific
functions
in
host
nutrient
metabolism,
maintenance
of
structural
integrity
the
mucosal
barrier,
immunomodulation,
and
protection
against
pathogens.
Gut
are
composed
different
bacteria
species
taxonomically
classified
by
genus,
family,
order,
phyla.
human's
shaped
early
life
as
their
composition
depends
on
infant
transitions
(birth
gestational
date,
type
delivery,
methods
milk
feeding,
weaning
period)
external
factors
such
antibiotic
use.
These
personal
healthy
core
native
remain
relatively
stable
adulthood
but
differ
between
individuals
due
to
enterotypes,
body
mass
index
(BMI)
level,
exercise
frequency,
lifestyle,
cultural
dietary
habits.
Accordingly,
there
not
optimal
since
it
for
each
individual.
However,
host⁻microorganism
balance
must
be
respected
order
optimally
perform
metabolic
immune
prevent
disease
development.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
studies
focus
balances
same
highlight
close
mutualistic
relationship
variations
diseases.
Indeed,
dysbiosis
associated
only
intestinal
disorders
also
numerous
extra-intestinal
diseases
neurological
disorders.
Understanding
cause
or
consequence
these
health
how
maintain
restore
should
useful
developing
promising
therapeutic
interventions.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
65(2), P. 330 - 339
Published: Sept. 2, 2015
Over
the
last
10-15
years,
our
understanding
of
composition
and
functions
human
gut
microbiota
has
increased
exponentially.
To
a
large
extent,
this
been
due
to
new
'omic'
technologies
that
have
facilitated
large-scale
analysis
genetic
metabolic
profile
microbial
community,
revealing
it
be
comparable
in
influence
organ
body
offering
possibility
route
for
therapeutic
intervention.
Moreover,
might
more
accurate
think
like
an
immune
system:
collection
cells
work
unison
with
host
can
promote
health
but
sometimes
initiate
disease.
This
review
gives
update
on
current
knowledge
area
disorders,
particular
syndrome
obesity-related
disease,
liver
IBD
colorectal
cancer.
The
potential
manipulating
these
disorders
is
assessed,
examination
latest
most
relevant
evidence
relating
antibiotics,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
polyphenols
faecal
transplantation.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: April 23, 2022
Abstract
The
role
of
microbiota
in
health
and
diseases
is
being
highlighted
by
numerous
studies
since
its
discovery.
Depending
on
the
localized
regions,
can
be
classified
into
gut,
oral,
respiratory,
skin
microbiota.
microbial
communities
are
symbiosis
with
host,
contributing
to
homeostasis
regulating
immune
function.
However,
dysbiosis
lead
dysregulation
bodily
functions
including
cardiovascular
(CVDs),
cancers,
respiratory
diseases,
etc.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
knowledge
how
links
host
or
pathogenesis.
We
first
summarize
research
healthy
conditions,
gut-brain
axis,
colonization
resistance
modulation.
Then,
highlight
pathogenesis
disease
development
progression,
primarily
associated
community
composition,
modulation
response,
induction
chronic
inflammation.
Finally,
introduce
clinical
approaches
that
utilize
for
treatment,
such
as
fecal
transplantation.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
81(4)
Published: Nov. 8, 2017
SUMMARY
The
human
gut
microbiota
is
engaged
in
multiple
interactions
affecting
host
health
during
the
host's
entire
life
span.
Microbes
colonize
neonatal
immediately
following
birth.
establishment
and
interactive
development
of
this
early
are
believed
to
be
(at
least
partially)
driven
modulated
by
specific
compounds
present
milk.
It
has
been
shown
that
certain
genomes
infant
commensals,
particular
those
bifidobacterial
species,
genetically
adapted
utilize
glycans
secretory
fluid,
thus
representing
a
very
intriguing
example
host-microbe
coevolution,
where
both
partners
benefit.
In
recent
years,
various
metagenomic
studies
have
tried
dissect
composition
functionality
microbiome
explore
distribution
across
different
ecological
niches
biogeography
corresponding
microbial
consortia,
including
bacteria
viruses,
healthy
ill
subjects.
Such
analyses
linked
features
microbiota/microbiome,
such
as
reduced
diversity
or
aberrant
composition,
intestinal
illnesses
infants
disease
states
manifested
at
later
stages
life,
asthma,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
metabolic
disorders.
Thus,
growing
number
reported
on
how
composition/development
may
affect
risk
factors
related
adult
conditions.
This
concept
fueled
strategies
shape
based
functional
food
products.
review,
we
describe
microbiota,
mechanisms
drive
its
consortia
molded
natural
artificial
interventions.
Finally,
discuss
relevance
key
players
bifidobacteria,
with
respect
their
role
disease.
