Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 1020 - 1032

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 31 - 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The gut microbiota plays an important role in cardio-metabolic diseases with diet being among the strongest modulators of composition and function. Resistant dietary carbohydrates are fermented to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by bacteria. Fiber omega-3 rich diets increase SCFAs production abundance SCFA-producing Likewise, can improve barrier integrity, glucose, lipid metabolism, regulate immune system, inflammatory response, blood pressure. Therefore, targeting strategies leading increased SCFA may benefit health. In this review, we provide overview association between diet, produced diseases. We first discuss human diseases, then investigate finally explore beneficial effects specific interventions that outcomes through boosting production.

Language: Английский

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Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 17, 2021

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role in life. With the further development of research, influence intestinal flora on diseases has been gradually excavated. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis adverse health effects body will lead to variety chronic diseases. underlying mechanisms GM are incredibly complicated. This review focuses regulation and mechanism neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular metabolic gastrointestinal thus providing potential target for prevention treatment disease.

Language: Английский

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Programmable probiotics modulate inflammation and gut microbiota for inflammatory bowel disease treatment after effective oral delivery

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 14, 2022

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play vital roles in intestinal inflammation. Therefore, eliminating ROS the inflammatory site by antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase may effectively curb bowel disease (IBD). Here, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN), a kind of oral probiotic, was genetically engineered to overexpress (ECN-pE) for treatment To improve bioavailability ECN-pE gastrointestinal tract, chitosan sodium alginate, effective biofilms, were used coat via layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly strategy. In mouse IBD model induced different chemical drugs, chitosan/sodium alginate coating (ECN-pE(C/A) 2 ) relieved inflammation repaired epithelial barriers colon. Unexpectedly, EcN-pE(C/A) could also regulate microbial communities abundance Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136 Odoribacter flora, which are important microbes maintain homeostasis. Thus, this study lays foundation development living therapeutic proteins using probiotics treat intestinal-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review

Internal and Emergency Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 275 - 293

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract The intestine is the largest interface between internal body and external environment. intestinal barrier a dynamic system influenced by composition of microbiome activity intercellular connections, regulated hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, enteric nervous (ENS). Over years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining stable crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances pathogens from entering Disruption referred as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome seems be characterized release bacterial metabolites endotoxins, such lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into circulation. This condition, mainly caused infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure alcohol chronic allergens, dysbiosis, appear highly connected with development and/or progression several metabolic autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, bowel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting description mechanisms enable homeostasis analyzing relationship complex ecosystem pathological conditions, we explore role in driving inflammation, also shedding light on current future therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community. microbiota has been characterized as vital organ forming its multidirectional connecting axis with other organs. This is responsible for host-microbe interactions and works by communicating the neural, endocrinal, humoral, immunological, metabolic pathways. microorganisms (mostly non-pathogenic) have symbiotic host relationships are usually associated host’s immunity to defend against pathogenic invasion. dysbiosis therefore linked various diseases, such anxiety, depression, hypertension, cardiovascular obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer. mechanism leading disease development crucial correlation microbiota, products, immune response in humans. understanding mechanisms over exerts positive or harmful impacts remains largely undefined. However, many recent clinical studies conducted worldwide demonstrating relation specific species eubiosis health disease. A comprehensive interactions, role updates on subject striking topics current review. We also addressed daunting challenges must be brought under control maintain treat diseases.

Language: Английский

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Effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome in 7,738 participants of the Dutch Microbiome Project

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 143 - 151

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Cetobacterium and acetate modify glucose homeostasis via parasympathetic activation in zebrafish

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 1 - 15

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The capability of carbohydrate utilization in fish is limited compared to mammals. It has scientific and practical significance improve the ability use carbohydrates. efficiency dietary varies among with different feeding habits, which are associated differential intestinal microbiota. In this study, we found that zebrafish fed omnivorous diet (OD) herbivorous (HD) showed better glucose homeostasis carnivorous (CD) counterpart was attributable commensal bacterium Cetobacterium somerae, an acetate producer, enriched OD HD groups, administration C. somerae both adult gnotobiotic larval models resulted improved increased insulin expression, supporting a causative role enrichment fish. constantly higher levels, supplementation promotes zebrafish, suggesting contribution function somerae. Furthermore, beneficial effect on mediated through parasympathetic activation. Overall, work highlights existence somerae-brain axis regulation suggests mediating function. Our results suggest potential strategies for improvement utilization.

Language: Английский

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