FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
45(6)
Published: July 2, 2021
Most
swimming
bacteria
are
capable
of
following
gradients
nutrients,
signaling
molecules
and
other
environmental
factors
that
affect
bacterial
physiology.
This
tactic
behavior
became
one
the
most-studied
model
systems
for
signal
transduction
quantitative
biology,
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
well
characterized
in
Escherichia
coli
several
bacteria.
In
this
review,
we
focus
primarily
on
less
understood
aspect
chemotaxis,
namely
its
physiological
relevance
individual
cells
populations.
As
evident
from
multiple
recent
studies,
even
same
species
flagellar
motility
chemotaxis
might
serve
roles,
depending
conditions.
Among
these,
finding
sources
nutrients
more
generally
locating
niches
optimal
growth
appear
to
be
major
functions
which
could
explain
many
chemoeffector
preferences
as
gene
regulation.
Chemotaxis
also
enhance
efficiency
colonization
by
motile
bacteria,
involves
intricate
interplay
between
collective
behaviors
trade-offs
motility.
Finally,
play
roles
including
swarming,
biofilm
formation
autoaggregation,
their
interactions
with
animal
plant
hosts.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: April 23, 2022
Abstract
The
role
of
microbiota
in
health
and
diseases
is
being
highlighted
by
numerous
studies
since
its
discovery.
Depending
on
the
localized
regions,
can
be
classified
into
gut,
oral,
respiratory,
skin
microbiota.
microbial
communities
are
symbiosis
with
host,
contributing
to
homeostasis
regulating
immune
function.
However,
dysbiosis
lead
dysregulation
bodily
functions
including
cardiovascular
(CVDs),
cancers,
respiratory
diseases,
etc.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
knowledge
how
links
host
or
pathogenesis.
We
first
summarize
research
healthy
conditions,
gut-brain
axis,
colonization
resistance
modulation.
Then,
highlight
pathogenesis
disease
development
progression,
primarily
associated
community
composition,
modulation
response,
induction
chronic
inflammation.
Finally,
introduce
clinical
approaches
that
utilize
for
treatment,
such
as
fecal
transplantation.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
71(5), P. 1020 - 1032
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
now
considered
as
one
of
the
key
elements
contributing
to
regulation
host
health.
Virtually
all
our
body
sites
are
colonised
by
microbes
suggesting
different
types
crosstalk
with
organs.
Because
development
molecular
tools
and
techniques
(ie,
metagenomic,
metabolomic,
lipidomic,
metatranscriptomic),
complex
interactions
occurring
between
microorganisms
progressively
being
deciphered.
Nowadays,
deviations
linked
many
diseases
including
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
hepatic
steatosis,
intestinal
bowel
(IBDs)
several
cancer.
Thus,
that
various
pathways
involved
in
immunity,
energy,
lipid
glucose
metabolism
affected.
In
this
review,
specific
attention
given
provide
a
critical
evaluation
current
understanding
field.
Numerous
mechanisms
explaining
how
bacteria
might
be
causally
protection
or
onset
discussed.
We
examine
well-established
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids,
bile
trimethylamine
N-oxide)
extend
more
recently
identified
actors
endocannabinoids,
bioactive
lipids,
phenolic-derived
compounds,
advanced
glycation
end
products
enterosynes)
their
receptors
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
alpha
(PPARα)
gamma
(PPARγ),
aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR),
G
protein-coupled
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR119,
Takeda
5).
Altogether,
complexity
aspects
linking
health
will
help
set
basis
for
novel
therapies
already
developed.
Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
The
gut
microbiota
plays
an
important
role
in
cardio-metabolic
diseases
with
diet
being
among
the
strongest
modulators
of
composition
and
function.
Resistant
dietary
carbohydrates
are
fermented
to
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
by
bacteria.
Fiber
omega-3
rich
diets
increase
SCFAs
production
abundance
SCFA-producing
Likewise,
can
improve
barrier
integrity,
glucose,
lipid
metabolism,
regulate
immune
system,
inflammatory
response,
blood
pressure.
Therefore,
targeting
strategies
leading
increased
SCFA
may
benefit
health.
In
this
review,
we
provide
overview
association
between
diet,
produced
diseases.
We
first
discuss
human
diseases,
then
investigate
finally
explore
beneficial
effects
specific
interventions
that
outcomes
through
boosting
production.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: March 17, 2021
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
huge
microbial
community
that
plays
an
irreplaceable
role
in
life.
With
the
further
development
of
research,
influence
intestinal
flora
on
diseases
has
been
gradually
excavated.
Gut
microbiota
(GM)
dysbiosis
adverse
health
effects
body
will
lead
to
variety
chronic
diseases.
underlying
mechanisms
GM
are
incredibly
complicated.
This
review
focuses
regulation
and
mechanism
neurodegenerative
diseases,
cardiovascular
metabolic
gastrointestinal
thus
providing
potential
target
for
prevention
treatment
disease.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: June 14, 2022
Abstract
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
play
vital
roles
in
intestinal
inflammation.
Therefore,
eliminating
ROS
the
inflammatory
site
by
antioxidant
enzymes
such
as
catalase
and
superoxide
dismutase
may
effectively
curb
bowel
disease
(IBD).
Here,
Escherichia
coli
Nissle
1917
(ECN),
a
kind
of
oral
probiotic,
was
genetically
engineered
to
overexpress
(ECN-pE)
for
treatment
To
improve
bioavailability
ECN-pE
gastrointestinal
tract,
chitosan
sodium
alginate,
effective
biofilms,
were
used
coat
via
layer-by-layer
electrostatic
self-assembly
strategy.
In
mouse
IBD
model
induced
different
chemical
drugs,
chitosan/sodium
alginate
coating
(ECN-pE(C/A)
2
)
relieved
inflammation
repaired
epithelial
barriers
colon.
Unexpectedly,
EcN-pE(C/A)
could
also
regulate
microbial
communities
abundance
Lachnospiraceae
_NK4A136
Odoribacter
flora,
which
are
important
microbes
maintain
homeostasis.
Thus,
this
study
lays
foundation
development
living
therapeutic
proteins
using
probiotics
treat
intestinal-related
diseases.
Internal and Emergency Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(2), P. 275 - 293
Published: July 28, 2023
Abstract
The
intestine
is
the
largest
interface
between
internal
body
and
external
environment.
intestinal
barrier
a
dynamic
system
influenced
by
composition
of
microbiome
activity
intercellular
connections,
regulated
hormones,
dietary
components,
inflammatory
mediators,
enteric
nervous
(ENS).
Over
years,
it
has
become
increasingly
evident
that
maintaining
stable
crucial
to
prevent
various
potentially
harmful
substances
pathogens
from
entering
Disruption
referred
as
'leaky
gut'
or
leaky
gut
wall
syndrome
seems
be
characterized
release
bacterial
metabolites
endotoxins,
such
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS),
into
circulation.
This
condition,
mainly
caused
infections,
oxidative
stress,
high-fat
diet,
exposure
alcohol
chronic
allergens,
dysbiosis,
appear
highly
connected
with
development
and/or
progression
several
metabolic
autoimmune
systemic
diseases,
including
obesity,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
neurodegeneration,
cardiovascular
disease,
bowel
type
1
diabetes
mellitus
(T1D).
In
this
review,
starting
description
mechanisms
enable
homeostasis
analyzing
relationship
complex
ecosystem
pathological
conditions,
we
explore
role
in
driving
inflammation,
also
shedding
light
on
current
future
therapeutic
interventions.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Sept. 26, 2022
The
human
gut
possesses
millions
of
microbes
that
define
a
complex
microbial
community.
microbiota
has
been
characterized
as
vital
organ
forming
its
multidirectional
connecting
axis
with
other
organs.
This
is
responsible
for
host-microbe
interactions
and
works
by
communicating
the
neural,
endocrinal,
humoral,
immunological,
metabolic
pathways.
microorganisms
(mostly
non-pathogenic)
have
symbiotic
host
relationships
are
usually
associated
host’s
immunity
to
defend
against
pathogenic
invasion.
dysbiosis
therefore
linked
various
diseases,
such
anxiety,
depression,
hypertension,
cardiovascular
obesity,
diabetes,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
cancer.
mechanism
leading
disease
development
crucial
correlation
microbiota,
products,
immune
response
in
humans.
understanding
mechanisms
over
exerts
positive
or
harmful
impacts
remains
largely
undefined.
However,
many
recent
clinical
studies
conducted
worldwide
demonstrating
relation
specific
species
eubiosis
health
disease.
A
comprehensive
interactions,
role
updates
on
subject
striking
topics
current
review.
We
also
addressed
daunting
challenges
must
be
brought
under
control
maintain
treat
diseases.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
546, P. 111572 - 111572
Published: Jan. 20, 2022
The
role
of
the
intestinal
microbiota
as
a
regulator
gut-brain
axis
signalling
has
risen
to
prominence
in
recent
years.
Understanding
relationship
between
gut
microbiota,
metabolites
it
produces,
and
brain
will
be
critical
for
subsequent
development
new
therapeutic
approaches,
including
identification
novel
psychobiotics.
A
key
focus
this
regard
have
been
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
produced
by
bacterial
fermentation
dietary
fibre,
which
include
butyrate,
acetate,
propionate.
Ongoing
research
is
focused
on
entry
SCFAs
into
systemic
circulation
from
lumen,
their
migration
cerebral
across
blood
barrier,
potential
exert
acute
chronic
effects
structure
function.
This
review
aims
discuss
our
current
mechanistic
understanding
direct
indirect
influence
that
function,
behaviour
physiology,
inform
future
microbiota-targeted
interventions
disorders.