The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Cell, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 167(6), P. 1469 - 1480.e12

Published: Dec. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 145 - 155

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 570 - 580

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Homeostatic Immunity and the Microbiota

Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 562 - 576

Published: April 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

The gut microbiota influences the health of host, especially with regard to immune homeostasis and intestinal response. In addition serving as a nutrient enhancer, L-tryptophan (Trp) plays crucial roles in balance between tolerance maintenance. Recent discoveries have underscored that changes modulate host system by modulating Trp metabolism. Moreover, Trp, endogenous metabolites (kynurenines, serotonin melatonin), bacterial (indole, indolic acid, skatole, tryptamine) profound effects on microbial composition, metabolism, host's system, host-microbiome interface, system–intestinal interactions. aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates regulation immunity (as ligands AhR), which is beneficial for homeostasis. Among metabolites, AhR consist including kynurenine, kynurenic xanthurenic cinnabarinic indole, indole propionic acetic tryptamine. Additional factors, such aging, stress, probiotics, diseases (spondyloarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, colorectal cancer), are associated variability can influence Trp–microbiome–immune interactions also play regulating immunity. This review clarifies how regulates metabolism identifies underlying molecular mechanisms these Increased mechanistic insight into modulates through may allow identification innovative microbiota-based diagnostics, well appropriate nutritional supplementation prevent or alleviate inflammation. this provides new regarding comprehensive analyses targeted (including metabolites) essential experimental preciseness, cannot be neglected, explain contradictory results literature.

Language: Английский

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An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. 473 - 493

Published: Oct. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Instruction of Immunity

Cell, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 169(4), P. 570 - 586

Published: May 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Human Gut Microbiome – A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 14, 2018

Interest toward the human microbiome, particularly gut microbiome has flourished in recent decades owing to rapidly advancing sequence-based screening and humanized gnotobiotic model interrogating dynamic operations of commensal microbiota. Although this field is still at a very preliminary stage, whereby functional properties complex remain less understood, several promising findings have been documented exhibit great potential revolutionizing disease etiology medical treatments. In review, interactions between microbiota host focused on, provide an overview role their unique metabolites conferring protection against invading pathogen, regulation diverse physiological functions including metabolism, development homeostasis immunity nervous system. We elaborate on how microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) may lead dysfunction machineries, thereby contributing pathogenesis and/or progression broad spectrum diseases. Some most notable diseases namely Clostridium difficile infection (infectious disease), inflammatory bowel (intestinal immune-mediated celiac (multisystemic autoimmune disorder), obesity (metabolic colorectal cancer, autism disorder (neuropsychiatric disorder) discussed delineated along with findings. Novel therapies derived from studies such as fecal transplantation, probiotic prebiotics target associated reviewed introduce idea certain symptoms can be ameliorated through dysbiosis correction, thus revealing new scientific approach treatment. Toward end research gaps limitations described suggested future overcome current lacunae. Despite ongoing debate whether plays above-mentioned diseases, we gathered evidence showing potentially far more link beyond unidirectional cause-and-effect relationship them.

Language: Английский

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Sodium oligomannate therapeutically remodels gut microbiota and suppresses gut bacterial amino acids-shaped neuroinflammation to inhibit Alzheimer’s disease progression

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 787 - 803

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Recently, increasing evidence has suggested the association between gut dysbiosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, yet role of microbiota in AD pathogenesis remains obscure. Herein, we provide a potential mechanistic link neuroinflammation progression. Using mouse models, discovered that, during alteration composition leads to peripheral accumulation phenylalanine isoleucine, which stimulates differentiation proliferation pro-inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) cells. The brain-infiltrated Th1 immune cells are associated with M1 microglia activation, contributing AD-associated neuroinflammation. Importantly, elevation isoleucine concentrations increase cell frequency blood were also observed two small independent cohorts patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due AD. Furthermore, GV-971, sodium oligomannate that demonstrated solid consistent cognition improvement phase 3 clinical trial China, suppresses phenylalanine/isoleucine accumulation, harnesses reverses impairment. Together, our findings highlight dysbiosis-promoted progression suggest novel strategy for therapy by remodelling microbiota.

Language: Английский

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