Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Dec. 6, 2019
Abstract
Mucosal
healing
plays
a
critical
role
in
combatting
the
effects
of
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
fistulae
and
ulcers.
While
most
treatments
for
such
diseases
focus
on
systemically
delivered
anti-inflammatory
drugs,
often
leading
to
detrimental
side
effects,
mucosal
agents
that
target
gut
epithelium
are
underexplored.
We
genetically
engineer
Escherichia
coli
Nissle
1917
(EcN)
create
fibrous
matrices
promote
epithelial
integrity
situ.
These
consist
curli
nanofibers
displaying
trefoil
factors
(TFFs),
known
intestinal
barrier
function
restitution.
confirm
engineered
EcN
can
secrete
curli-fused
TFFs
vitro
vivo,
is
non-pathogenic.
observe
enhanced
protective
against
dextran
sodium
sulfate-induced
colitis
mice,
associated
with
immunomodulation.
This
work
lays
foundation
development
platform
which
situ
production
therapeutic
protein
from
beneficial
bacteria
be
exploited.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
67(9), P. 1716 - 1725
Published: June 22, 2018
The
microbiome
has
received
increasing
attention
over
the
last
15
years.
Although
gut
microbes
have
been
explored
for
several
decades,
investigations
of
role
microorganisms
that
reside
in
human
attracted
much
beyond
classical
infectious
diseases.
For
example,
numerous
studies
reported
changes
microbiota
during
not
only
obesity,
diabetes,
and
liver
diseases
but
also
cancer
even
neurodegenerative
is
viewed
as
a
potential
source
novel
therapeutics.
Between
2013
2017,
number
publications
focusing
on
was,
remarkably,
12
900,
which
represents
four-fifths
total
40
years
investigated
this
topic.
This
review
discusses
recent
evidence
impact
metabolic
disorders
focus
selected
key
mechanisms.
aims
to
provide
critical
analysis
current
knowledge
field,
identify
putative
issues
or
problems
discuss
misinterpretations.
abundance
metagenomic
data
generated
comparing
diseased
healthy
subjects
can
lead
erroneous
claim
bacterium
causally
linked
with
protection
onset
disease.
In
fact,
environmental
factors
such
dietary
habits,
drug
treatments,
intestinal
motility
stool
frequency
consistency
are
all
influence
composition
should
be
considered.
cases
bacteria
Prevotella
copri
Akkermansia
muciniphila
will
discussed
examples.
Tissue Barriers,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
5(4), P. e1373208 - e1373208
Published: Sept. 6, 2017
The
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tract
is
considered
the
largest
immunological
organ
in
body
having
a
central
role
regulating
immune
homeostasis.
Contrary
to
earlier
belief,
intestinal
epithelial
barrier
not
static
physical
but
rather
strongly
interacts
with
gut
microbiome
and
cells
of
system.
This
intense
communication
between
cells,
will
shape
specific
responses
antigens,
balancing
tolerance
effector
functions.
Recent
studies
indicate
that
composition
affects
system
development
modulates
mediators,
which
turn
affect
barrier.
Moreover,
dysbiosis
may
favor
disruption
could
be
related
increased
susceptibility
certain
diseases.
review
focused
on
its
function
host
defense
how
throughout
life
can
this
role.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(10), P. 1587 - 1587
Published: Oct. 15, 2020
Dynamic
interactions
between
gut
microbiota
and
a
host’s
innate
adaptive
immune
systems
are
essential
in
maintaining
intestinal
homeostasis
inhibiting
inflammation.
Gut
metabolizes
proteins
complex
carbohydrates,
synthesizes
vitamins,
produces
an
enormous
number
of
metabolic
products
that
can
mediate
cross-talk
epithelium
cells.
As
defense
mechanism,
epithelial
cells
produce
mucosal
barrier
to
segregate
from
host
reduce
permeability.
An
impaired
interaction
bacteria
the
system
lead
increased
abundance
potentially
pathogenic
gram-negative
their
associated
changes,
disrupting
increasing
susceptibility
infections.
dysbiosis,
or
negative
alterations
microbial
composition,
also
dysregulate
responses,
causing
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
insulin
resistance.
Over
time,
chronic
dysbiosis
leakage
across
may
increase
prevalence
type
2
diabetes,
cardiovascular
disease,
autoimmune
inflammatory
bowel
variety
cancers.
In
this
paper,
we
highlight
pivotal
role
(short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs))
which
play
immunity.
JAMA Oncology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
1(5), P. 653 - 653
Published: June 4, 2015
Evidence
indicates
a
complex
link
between
gut
microbiome,
immunity,
and
intestinal
tumorigenesis.
To
target
the
microbiota
immunity
for
colorectal
cancer
prevention
therapy,
better
understanding
of
relationship
microorganisms
immune
cells
in
tumor
microenvironment
is
needed.
Experimental
evidence
suggests
that
Fusobacterium
nucleatum
may
promote
colonic
neoplasia
development
by
downregulating
antitumor
T
cell-mediated
adaptive
immunity.To
test
hypothesis
greater
amount
F
carcinoma
tissue
associated
with
lower
density
tissue.A
cross-sectional
analysis
was
conducted
on
598
rectal
colon
cases
2
US
nationwide
prospective
cohort
studies
follow-up
through
2006,
Nurses'
Health
Study
(participants
enrolled
1976)
Professionals
Follow-up
1986).
Tissue
collection
processing
were
performed
from
2002
2008,
assessment,
2008
2009.
From
2013
2014,
measured
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
assay;
we
equally
dichotomized
positive
(high
vs
low).
Multivariable
ordinal
logistic
regression
2014
to
assess
associations
densities
(quartiles)
tissue,
controlling
clinical
molecular
features,
including
microsatellite
instability,
CpG
island
methylator
phenotype,
long
interspersed
nucleotide
element-1
(LINE-1)
methylation,
KRAS,
BRAF,
PIK3CA
mutation
status.
We
adjusted
2-sided
α
level
.013
multiple
testing.Densities
CD3+,
CD8+,
CD45RO
(protein
tyrosine
phosphatase
receptor
type
C
[PTPRC])+,
FOXP3+
determined
means
microarray
immunohistochemical
computer-assisted
image
analysis.F
detected
76
(13%)
cases.
Compared
nucleatum-negative
cases,
nucleatum-high
inversely
CD3+
(for
unit
increase
quartile
categories
as
an
outcome:
multivariable
odds
ratio,
0.47
[95%
CI,
0.26-0.87];
P
trend
=
.006).
The
not
significantly
CD45RO+,
or
(P
fortrend
.24,
.88,
.014,
respectively).The
T-cell
tissue.
On
validation,
our
human
population
data
provide
impetus
further
investigations
potential
interactive
roles
host
carcinogenesis.
