Risk factors for candidemia: a prospective matched case-control study

Critical Care, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 18, 2020

Abstract Background Candidemia is an opportunistic infection associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized both inside outside intensive care units (ICUs). Identification of at risk crucial to ensure prompt antifungal therapy. We sought assess factors for candidemia death, ICUs. Methods This prospective multicenter matched case-control study involved six teaching hospitals Switzerland France. Cases were defined by positive blood cultures Candida sp. Controls cases using the following criteria: age, hospitalization ward, duration, and, when applicable, type surgery. One three controls enrolled case. Risk analyzed univariate multivariate conditional regression models, as a basis new scoring system predict candidemia. Results hundred ninety-two candidemic 411 included. Forty-four percent included ICUs, 56% Independent ICU population total parenteral nutrition, acute kidney injury, heart disease, prior septic shock, exposure aminoglycoside antibiotics. non-ICU central venous catheter, glycopeptides nitroimidazoles. The accuracy scores based on these better than population. death number antibiotics which exposed before Discussion While this shows role known novel candidemia, it specifically highlights important differences their distribution according hospital setting (ICU versus non-ICU). Conclusion provides accounting recent progress patients’ management strategies fungal epidemiology.

Language: Английский

---

Fungi of the human gut microbiota: Roles and significance

International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 311(3), P. 151490 - 151490

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

It is becoming increasingly clear that fungi are important components of the gut microbiota. Fungi residing in human intestine, for example, elicit induction T helper 17 cells, which central orchestrators protective immune responses. Likewise, fungal members intestinal microbiota have been shown to influence immunological responses mammalian host by dampening or promoting local inflammatory Here I review some latest developments regarding symbiotic gastrointestinal tract and consequences dysbiosis may on health. A major focus relationship between Candida albicans, most prominent fungus inhabiting gut, host. Advances field underscore need further investigate inhabit body understand how mixed array microbes constitute our contribute health disease.

Language: Английский

---

Mycobiota-induced IgA antibodies regulate fungal commensalism in the gut and are dysregulated in Crohn’s disease

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1493 - 1504

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Invasive candidiasis

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Fungal infections: Immune defense, immunotherapies and vaccines

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 114775 - 114775

Published: March 15, 2023

Invasive fungal infection is an under recognized and emerging global health threat. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released first ever list of health-threatening fungi to guide research public interventions strengthen response infections antifungal resistance. Currently, drugs only demonstrate partial success in improving prognosis infected patients, this compounded by rapid evolution drug resistance among species. The increased prevalence individuals with underlying immunological deficiencies reflects importance intact host immune system controlling mycoses, further highlights immunomodulation as a potential new avenue for treatment disseminated diseases. In review, we will summarize how innate cells sense invading through their pattern recognition receptors, subsequently initiate series effector mechanisms adaptive responses mediate clearance. addition, discuss preclinical clinical data on immunotherapies vaccines which can potentially expand our armamentarium future.

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 6, 2024

Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition characterized by organ dysfunction caused an imbalanced immune response to infection. Although increased inflammatory significantly contributes the pathogenesis of sepsis, several molecular mechanisms underlying progression sepsis are associated with cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and exhausted antioxidant pathways. This review article provides comprehensive overview involvement ROS in pathophysiology potential application antioxidants antimicrobial properties as adjunct primary therapies (fluid antibiotic therapies) against sepsis. delves into advantages disadvantages utilization therapeutic approach which has been explored variety animal models clinical trials. While suggested therapy suppress cases where intensified reaction occurs, use multiple agents can be beneficial they act additively or synergistically on different pathways, thereby enhancing defense. Furthermore, immunoadjuvant therapy, specifically septic patients displaying immunosuppressive tendencies, represents promising advancement therapy.

Language: Английский

---

Candida albicans Yeast, Pseudohyphal, and Hyphal Morphogenesis Differentially Affects Immune Recognition

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 7, 2017

Candida albicans is a human opportunist pathogen that can grow as yeast, pseudohyphae, or true hyphae in vitro and vivo, depending on environmental conditions. Reversible cellular morphogenesis an important virulence factor facilitates invasion of host tissues, escape from phagocytes, dissemination the blood stream. The innate immune system first line defense against C. infections influenced by recognition wall components vary composition different morphological forms. However, relationship between this fungus not fully understood. We therefore studied various vegetative cell types albicans, singly combination, to assess consequences selected cytokine outputs monocytes. Hyphae stimulated proportionally lower levels certain cytokines monocytes per unit surface area than yeast cells, but did suppress response when copresented with cells. Pseudohyphal cells induced intermediate responses. Yeast monomorphic mutants had elevated responses under conditions otherwise supported filamentous growth hyphal were defective mannosylation lacking hypha-specific proteins could variably unmask deplete immunostimulatory ligands. These observations underline critical importance morphology morphology-associated changes affect both pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

---

Nivolumab plus interferon-γ in the treatment of intractable mucormycosis

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 18 - 18

Published: Dec. 14, 2016

Language: Английский

---

Cell biology of Candida albicans–host interactions

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 111 - 118

Published: Sept. 28, 2016

Candida albicans is a commensal coloniser of most people and pathogen the immunocompromised or patients in which barriers that prevent dissemination have been disrupted. Both pathogenic states involve regulation adaptation to host microenvironment. The potential can be downregulated sustain commensalism upregulated damage tissue avoid subvert immune surveillance. In either case it seems as though cell biology this fungus has evolved enable establishment different types relationships with human host. Here we summarise latest advances analysis mechanisms C. occupy body sites whilst avoiding being eliminated by sentinel activities system.

Language: Английский

---

Current antifungal drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches as promising strategies to treatment of fungal diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 110, P. 857 - 868

Published: Dec. 14, 2018

Invasive candidiasis (IC) can affect individuals with various underlying diseases hospitalized in different parts of hospitals. In recent decades, IC has caused 27-55% mortality general population. Although Candida albicans (C. albicans) is still the most common cause IC, non-albicans infections such as C. krusei, glabrata, lusitaniae, tropicalis, and parapsilosis have been increased years. Treatment invasive fungal challenging number existing antifungals limited more problems include: toxicity, drug interactions, resistance. These provide a clear rationale for development new immunotherapies to increase outcomes patients infections. Thus, purpose this paper complete review current modern antifungal drugs therapy focus on role immunotherapy preventing controlling disease. Therefore, we features research efforts directed towards devising safe effective immunotherapeutic options infections, including work vaccines, engineered T-cells, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, other agents.

Language: Английский

---